Death Of Salesman And Crucible Essays - , Term Papers

Death Of Salesman And Crucible Arthur Miller, winner of many literary and dramatic awards, is an incredibly influential force in American drama. His plays deal with issues common to every society. He makes the audience face fault, weakness, and ignorance; subjects we would typical hide from. At the same time he emphasizes strength, human spirit, and familial love. Alice Griffin believes that Miller's plays are important internationally (xii). He belongs to an international theater rather than a regional theater (Heilman 170). His plays are staged and studied by students to understand American life in Russia, P and, Iceland, Brazil, Italy, France, Germany, Czech Republic, and China to name a few (Griffin xi). Miller's works thrived in England. The University of East Angelia named it's center the Arthur Miller Centre (Griffin 1). They can relate to the sense f identity, honor, recognition, and familial love (Griffin Preface). In a production in Beijing, Miller explained to a Chinese actor playing Biff the son's feelings of guilt and "painfully requited" love for his father, the actor understood as it is v y Chinese (Morath 79). The phenomenon of Death of a Salesman has been the same all over the world. Audiences all have a sense of their life story of their father, uncle, or brother (Griffin 35). In real life Miller had an Uncle Manny who had two sons ho were in competition with Miller and his brother. Manny ended his own life because he failed at business. Miller's personal history is demonstrated in his sensitive and passionate writing in Death of a Salesman (Griffin 41). The Crucible (1952) was originally intended to be called Those Familiar Spirits, referring to a spirit that a witch presumably sends out to torment her victims. However, the well area at the bottom of a blast furnace is known as the crucible, it is whe the molten steels collects being entirely broken down due to immense heat. Miller thought that this was a precise metaphor for what happened in Salem. Crucible also means a harsh trial or examination. John Proctor's integrity was surely investigated. He chose to die instead of confessing to being evil. According to Raymond Williams, The Crucible is a powerfully successful dramatization of the notorious witch trials of Salem. It is technically less interesting than its previous ones because it is b ed on a historical event which is explicit enough to solve, the difficult dramatic problems which Miller had originally set himself. Miller brilliantly expresses a particular crisis "the modern witch hunt" in his own society, but it is not often, in ou own world, that the issues and statements so clearly emerge in a naturally dramatic form (13). Miller used the Salem Witch Trials of the 17th century, to make an indirect, but assertive comment upon McCarthyism in American life (Richard Watt, Jr. 536). In 1953, when the play was produced, the United States was in social and political turmoil. Joseph McCarthy a Senator from Wisconsin and the play in comparison were both significantly politically infamous. The Senator was responsible for the investiga ons to find communists in the State Department, Hollywood, and the U.S. Army. These investigations created fear and suspicion within our society. McCarthy was eventually found guilty of misusing his authority (Watts vii). Before being found guilty S ator McCarthy accused the Democratic administration of sheltering and helping Communists in the American government. It was a fearful time similar to that in Salem. The United States government called McCarthy's activities witch-hunts. In The Crucibl Miller mentions that McCarthy accuses individuals of being Communist if they opposed him. Any government official who criticized his hearings was soon found to be defending himself against the charge of being involved in a Communist conspiracy. Miller mpared McCarthy to the Salem judges in a broad sense (Cliffnotes 52). In 1953 The Crucible was attacked as a comparison to the current Senate "witch hunts." Critics said it was not a good play at that time, however, later it was found to be superior. he House Un-American Activities Committee summoned Miller to a hearing. Miller refused to name others as communist sympathizers. He also said that he would only take responsibility for himself and not others. Miller was fined and given a thirty day s pended jail sentence because he spoke out like John Proctor in The Crucible (Griffin 7). During the McCarthyism period witnesses refused to answer questions and when they did they were scorned (Bentley 302). Thousands of people who refused to answer q stions and confess were executed during the seventeenth century. Authorities believed

Free Essays on The First Amendment

The First Amendment No other democratic society in the world permits personal freedoms to the degree of the United States of America. Within the last sixty years, American courts, especially the Supreme Court, have developed a set of legal doctrines that thoroughly protect all forms of the freedom of expression. When it comes to evaluating the degree to which we take advantage of the opportunity to express our opinions, some members of society may be guilty of violating the bounds of the First Amendment by publicly offending others through obscenity or racism. Americans have developed a distinct disposition toward the freedom of expression throughout history. The First Amendment clearly voices a great American respect toward the freedom of religion. It also prevents the government from "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Since the early history of our country, the protection of ba sic freedoms has been of the utmost importance to Americans. In Langston Hughes' poem, "Freedom," he emphasizes the struggle to enjoy the freedoms that he knows are rightfully his. He reflects the American desire for freedom now when he says, "I do not need my freedom when I'm dead. I cannot live on tomorrow's bread." He recognizes the need for freedom in its entirety without compromise or fear. I think Langston Hughes captures the essence of the American immigrants' quest for freedom in his poem, "Freedom's Plow." He accurately describes Americans as arriving with nothing but dreams and building America with the hopes of finding greater freedom or freedom for the first time. He depicts how people of all backgrounds worked together for one cause: freedom. Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 is a fictitious example of the evils of censorship in a world that is becoming illiterate. In this book, the government convinces the public that book r... Free Essays on The First Amendment Free Essays on The First Amendment The First Amendment No other democratic society in the world permits personal freedoms to the degree of the United States of America. Within the last sixty years, American courts, especially the Supreme Court, have developed a set of legal doctrines that thoroughly protect all forms of the freedom of expression. When it comes to evaluating the degree to which we take advantage of the opportunity to express our opinions, some members of society may be guilty of violating the bounds of the First Amendment by publicly offending others through obscenity or racism. Americans have developed a distinct disposition toward the freedom of expression throughout history. The First Amendment clearly voices a great American respect toward the freedom of religion. It also prevents the government from "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Since the early history of our country, the protection of ba sic freedoms has been of the utmost importance to Americans. In Langston Hughes' poem, "Freedom," he emphasizes the struggle to enjoy the freedoms that he knows are rightfully his. He reflects the American desire for freedom now when he says, "I do not need my freedom when I'm dead. I cannot live on tomorrow's bread." He recognizes the need for freedom in its entirety without compromise or fear. I think Langston Hughes captures the essence of the American immigrants' quest for freedom in his poem, "Freedom's Plow." He accurately describes Americans as arriving with nothing but dreams and building America with the hopes of finding greater freedom or freedom for the first time. He depicts how people of all backgrounds worked together for one cause: freedom. Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 is a fictitious example of the evils of censorship in a world that is becoming illiterate. In this book, the government convinces the public that book r...

The Financial Planning Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Financial Planning Process - Essay Example The main aim of the analysis is to understand the difference between our needs and wants. Particular financial objectives are essential to financial planning. Others can propose financial objectives for us; on the other hand, we need to choose the objectives for which we are planning our financial situations for future needs. Financial objectives can go from using the greater part of the current income to creating far-reaching reserve funds and investment program for the financial security of our future. Developing other options is most important part of making effective decisions. Although there are many factors which will influence the available options we need to consider the possible course of action under the following categories- We need to assess conceivable approaches, contemplating the life circumstance, current economic condition and personal goals and values. We have to assess the Outcomes of Decisions. Each choice shuts off options. For instance, a choice to put resources into stock may mean that we cant take an excursion. Opportunity cost is the important thing that we need to give up while settling on a decision. This cost generally alluded to as the exchange off of a choice, cant generally is measured in dollars. Choice making will be a progressing a piece of your individual and financial circumstance. Hence, investors will need to consider the lost opportunities which will be needed to face by the investors as a result of their decisions. In this step of financial planning activities, investors need to develop a plan of action. It requires choosing correct ways to achieve our targets. After achieving the short-term goals investors need to focus on the long-term financial goals of our life. For planning our financials investors can take help of any professional person who will help them to achieve their target. Financial planning is a dynamic process which does not end after taking a particular cause of action.  

Principal Perspective from Coaching Teachers lessons Thesis

Principal Perspective from Coaching Teachers lessons - Thesis Example 2.0 Introduction Leadership in education has been defined in a plethora of ways over the last decades and this accumulation of varied definitions serves to make the immense differences in opinions and discernment about school leadership more apparent. Historically, educational leadership was considered a means of support for teaching staff by heads of department, school principals, lead or master teachers, social workers, supervisors and education specialists (Sparks, 2002; Sledge & Morehead, 2006). During the twentieth century the role of school leaders has changed significantly, and as Suskavcevic & Blake (2001, p.2) point out, it has been ‘highly transformative’. They further claim that in the 1930s the primary role for principals was as ‘scientific manager’; in the 1940s it was as ‘democratic leader’; in the 1970s it was as ‘humanistic facilitator’; in the 1980s it became as ‘instructional leader’ (p.2) and currentl y it is as ‘transformational leader’ (p.4). ... To understand the concept of coaching, particularly instructional coaching 4. To determine the role of principal in association with instructional coaching 5. To determine how principals perceive their role in association with instructional coaching 3.0 Literature Review 3.1 What is school leadership? As far back as 1954, Mackenzie & Stephen considered the principal of a school to be the leader in terms of instruction (cited in Greenfield, 1987). They considered leadership to be a ‘natural accompaniment of the goal-seeking behavior of human beings’ (p.4), and that any pursuits undertaken by one teacher that assists in another teacher achieving their goal is an example of leadership. They further purport that leadership can be assumed by anyone considered as ‘having control and means’ of what others want (p.9) and that the concept is dynamic and thus forever changing rather than being constant (p.10). Wasley (1991, p. 64), on the other hand, claims leadership is ‘the ability to encourage colleagues to change, to do things they wouldn't ordinarily consider without the influence of the leader ’; whereas Bolman & Deal (1994) consider that every teacher is a leader. Kowalski (1995) adds to their argument and considers teacher leaders to be teachers who are authorized and given the power to make pertinent decisions that impact on educational processes and educational outcomes. Katzenmeyer & Moller (2001) disillusioned with school leadership, and after a comprehensive review of literature, past experiences, and discussion with principals and other educational leaders, arrived at the conclusion that the definition of educational leadership is evolving and that teachers who are

Sociology - (Classical theorist Marx) Give an account of how Marx Essay

Sociology - (Classical theorist Marx) Give an account of how Marx understood History - Essay Example But was Karl Marx, sometimes in collaboration with friend and political economist, Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) who revolutionized the relationship of material production and the role of human beings within social structures. He devoted a good part of his time to economic studies on the flaws of the capitalist society; and produced some famous works like the ‘Communist Manifesto’ (1848) and ‘Das Capital’ (1867), with one aim: the self-emancipation of the working class. Hegel (1770-1831) and Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 -1872) are two theorists who affected Marx very strongly. The concept of Historical Materialism: In his ‘Introduction to Theses On Feuerbach’ (1845), Marx commences his own distinctive posit on Materialism, based on Feuerbach’s critique of Hegel’s ‘Theory of the Right’ (1821).His view of history is very different from the others. Marx, states that â€Å"it is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness (Marx and Engels, 1859: pp 503-504). According to Hegel (1821), God created everything from Him, thus ‘God’ was the ‘Absolute Idea’. Then, due to the nature of the material world opposing God, the ‘negation’ or ‘alienation’ from God occurred; this was a dialectic or a clash of opposite forces; until a third stage of the growth of man’s consciousness, would reconcile with the ‘Absolute Idea’ and return to a state of original consciousness. It had at its centre that all events are predetermined by God. Feuerbach (1841) argued that, the faculty of thought, which is the property of human beings, was the ruling principle of existence, and not God, as theorized by Hegel, and love was what united them. Marx, while agreeing with Hegel in part by accepting the ‘clash of opposing forces’ notion, he rejected Hegel’s view of the ‘Absolute Idea’. Marx posited that ‘labour’ was the ‘essence

Shape Complexity Dynamics of Bangladesh Delta

Shape Complexity Dynamics of Bangladesh Delta Shape complexity dynamics of Bangladesh delta: A fractal dimension approach Sugata Hazra Anirban Mukhopadhyay#, Sandip Mukherjee, Abhra Chanda and Tuhin Ghosh Abstract The lower deltaic plain of Ganges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh is a tidally active flood plain with anastomosing network of rivers and tidal creeks. The rapidly changing morphology of this delta is mainly due to huge sediment discharge transported down the drainage basins, it’s redistribution by tides and currents , erosion, deposition and sea level change. The shape complexity of this delta mainly near the estuaries has been a major concern for the Geomorphologists for a long time. During the recent past, the study of morphology and landscape evolution has gone through a radical change due to the advent of remote sensing techniques. The present research attempts an analysis the shape change dynamics of this deltaic island region of Sundarban for the last two decades on the basis of fractal dimension index coupled with modern remote sensing techniques. It is observed that the shape of the islands with respect to their margin irregularities are being caused due to the change in fractal geometry at the micro level which in turn is a function of sea level rise over this time period. Key words: Delta shape complexity; fractal dimension, Sundarban; Sea level rise. 1. Introduction Sundarban mangrove forest of Bangladesh comprises a huge network of small alluvial islands formed by the deposition of sediments, transported down the drainage basins of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers system (Gopal et al., 2006). Deltaic erosion and morphological change are continuously seen in the Sundarban region (Ghosh et al., 2003). Innumerable tidal creeks and channels with diurnal flow reversal and rapidly changing land forms make this delta a very dynamic one. Islands are undergoing erosion and accretion, therefore the morphology is continuously changing. The changes in the morphology are mainly driven by the variable supply of sediments (Brammer, 1993) and sea level change. Shape analysis is a process which identifies the pattern of landscape. The process describes distinction between regularity and irregularity of shape (). The prime objective of the shape analysis is to understand spatial pattern of a geographical phenomena and its possible cause and predicts a probable future pattern (). Shape index, in terms of magnitude of roundness of the object or the measure of irregularity in terms of roundness, is a statistical method to quantify shape of any unit of area. In a geographic context, shape is often characterized through a compactness indicator, which describes the form of a given region based on how far it deviates from a specified norm (e.g., circle, square, or triangle). The method for calculating this number utilizes one or more of the geometric parameters of the region being measured, such as area or perimeter (Elizabeth Wentz). The surface of the earth and especially landforms are always changing due to ever dynamic exogenetic forces contributing over the transformation of landforms in every moment of time. Due to this dynamism, the shapes of the landforms are not static outside a specific scale of time thus by creating the irregularity of shapes during the transformation process. Considering the transformation process as the media, we are required to examine the quantitative characterization of the shape irregularities of deltaic islands over the progressive temporal periods. The goal of the paper is to improve the ability to compar e the shape dynamics caused due to external factors thereof over two decadal periods. Also it is to suggest a method for improving the ability to compare the shape of landforms in a GIS environment with statistical base that is less dependent on direct human intervention or intuition or visual interpretation.[t1] As the fractional geometry especially known as fractal dimension of the object is a fundamental component of the object’s geometry to measure the irregularity. Fractal dimension is a fractionary value that describes the irregular of an object and how much of the space it occupies. It is a measure of how fragmented a fractal object is which may be understood as a characterization of its self-similarity (Backes and Bruno, 2008). We have taken this element as independent variable on the micro analytical base and by extracting the same for detection of overall shape change and the temporal dynamics of islands as the dependent variable on the macro analytical base over two decades. Sea level rise is found to be causal factor behind this dynamics. Present study aims at shape complexity dynamics study of Bangladesh Sunderban from 1999 to 2010 in the framework of Fractal Dimension (FD) and Shape Index (SI) analysis. 2. Study area and datasets Bangladesh, a low lying flood plain delta is the land of rivers and canals. This[t2] delta is formed at the confluence of Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system and their respective tributaries. Pramanik (1983) has divided the coastal zone of Bangladesh into three main regions namely eastern region, central region and western region. Our present study is mainly on the islands of central and western coastal regions. Central coastal zone extends from Feni river estuary to the eastern corners of the Sunderban. The zone receives a large volume of silt deposition from Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna river system. The sediment load comprises more than 70% of the silt with additional 10% sand (Sarwar, 2005). The morphology of this zone is very much dynamic due to huge river discharge and strong current leading to high rate of erosion and accretion. Numerous islands are located in this region. Many islands have formed by the accretion and many have disappeared in last few years due to erosion. Western region is mainly covered by Sunderban mangrove forest. Due to presence of mangrove forest this zone is comparatively stable in terms of erosion. The main characteristics of this zone are mangrove swamps, tidal creeks and mud flats. This region lies at 0.9 to 2.1 m above mean sea level (Iftekhar and Islam, 2004). Soil is of mainly silt loam or alluvial type. This region is very important for tourism due to Sunderban[t3]. Landsat TM-5 images of the year 1999 and 2010, 30 m spatial resolution, of Bangladesh Sunderban have been taken for this study. The path/row no of this datasets is[t4] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Satellite altimeter data of TOPEX (NASA) is taken for measurement of regional mean sea level using Nadir Pointing Radar Altimeter. The sea level rise is computed from the tide gauge measurement of various observatory of Bangladesh such as Hiron Point, Khepupara and Charchanga. Figure 1 3. Methodology The step by step procedures have been followed to examine the fact and to establish the concept. The raster and vector data processing and statistical analysis have been implemented in the remote sensing and GIS environment, the detail of which is furnished in the flow chart: Figure 2 3.1 Satellite data processing Two satellite imagery of different time (1999 and 2010) is taken into consideration in this study. Landsat TM-5 datasets were downloaded from the http://glovis.usgs.gov website. All the datasets are projected in UTM projection with zone no 45 and WGS 84 datum. 3.2 Measurement sea surface height variation The measurement of regional mean sea level and sea level anomaly is computed from satellite altimeter data of TOPEX (NASA-built Nadir Pointing Radar Altimeter using C band, 5.3 GHz, and Ku band, 13.6 GHz, and POSEIDON (CNES-built solid State Nadir pointing Radar Altimeter using Ku band, 13.65 GHz). The datasets are analyzed for measuring sea surface height from the year 1992 to 2012. Inverted barometer correction was applied to improve thedata quality (). 3.3 Delta morphology analysis This raster data format is changed to vector format by three successive stages. First is the digitization of the raw images in line layers. Once digitization is successfully completed, topology was built followed by the polygon building. After polygon building, creek and landmass layers are separated for two years. The landmass layers of polygons have converted to raster format again in order to use as the input for fractal dimension and shape index calculation in Fragstats (version 4.1) software. Fractal dimension and shape index are calculated using equation 1 and 2 (Jorge and Garcia, 1997). Shape Index = (1) Where, P is the perimeter of the polygon and A is the polygon area. If the polygon value is 1.0 it expresses maximum compaction, where the shape is circular. As the shape becomes more complex the SI increases. FractalDimension Index (D) = (2) The self similarity ratio and N is the number of step size here. Then[t5] the curve is defined as self-similar with fractal dimension D. FD of a curve may be any value D ranges from 1.0 to less than 2.0 for lines, and from 2.0 to less than 3.0 for surfaces. The higher the spatial complexity of a line or surface, the higher its fractal dimension (Nayak, 2008). Index Number Analysis[t6] is carried out to calculate the gradual changes of both the factors having the base year as 1999. The Simple Aggregative Index of FD (Eq. 3) and Simple Aggregative Index of SI (Eq. 4) are calculated to identify the change in FD and SI. The Fisher’s Ideal Index (I0n) is also computed to see the relative change of SI and FD during the period 1999 and 2010 (Eq. 5). It is a compound index calculated from Laspeyres’s Index and Paasche’s Index (). The relation between FD and SI is analysed in terms of regression and correlation to identify the relation between island shape and fractal geometry[t7]. Simple Aggregative Index of FD (I0n) = (∑pn / ∑p0) x 100(3) Simple Aggregative Index of SI (I0n) = (∑qn / ∑q0) (4) Fisher’s Ideal Index(5) Laspeyres’s Index = ∑qn p0/ ∑q0 p0 Paasche’s Index = ∑qn pn/ ∑q0 pn Fisher’s Ideal Index (I0n) = √(Laspeyres’s Index/ Paasche’s Index) x 100 Result and discussion Statistical analysis of change in delta morphology †¦..[t8] The histograms of Fractal Dimension Index (Figure 3) and Shape Index (Figure 4) have been analyzed separately to examine the general statistical trends of the data. The summery of the histograms of FD and SI of the year 1999 is listed in the Table[t9] 1. It is observed that the modal frequency class has been defragmented into the higher FD values beyond the median range of 1.056 in 2010 and also the fractal diversity increases by 2 new classes in this year. The histograms of FD and SI of the year 2010 are summarized in the Table 2. It is perceived that despite of being the modal class persistent, the frequency in the modal class is defragmented and distributed into higher SI classes beyond the median value of 1.475 and also 4 new SI classes are detected in the progressive period of 2010. Figure 3 Table 1 Figure 4 Table 2 The Simple Aggregative Index of FD and SI are shown (Box 1) which is 101.49% and 117.26% respectively. The Simple Aggregative Index shows there is only 1.49% increase in FDI whereas SI increases by 17.26% in between 1999 and 2010, revealing about 8.63% changing effect of FDI over Shape Index. The Simple Aggregative Index of FDI and SI have confirmed that both the FDI and SI increases in this period and there is a definite changing effect of fractal geometry over the shape of the islands between 1999 to 2010 whereas the magnitude of the changing effect is only 8.63%. The Fisher’s[t10] Ideal Index (Box 1) shows that the SI has increased with respect to FD by 5.19% from 1999 to 2010. It is signifying the there is a positive increase of shape diversity with respect to fractal diversity within the specified time period. Relationship between FD and SI The scatter plots and linear regression of FD and SI for 1999 and 2010 depicts that there is a strong positive relation of FD and SI of the Islands. The magnitude of Pearson’s correlation (r-value) increases with strong positive response in the 2010 is revealing that trend of changing shape diversity of Islands in terms of FD is increasing towards the gradual period. Both the r-values are positive and it is also evident that the relation of Island shapes with their fractal geometry becomes stronger in the progressive period of 2010 as the r-values have changed from 0.44 to 0.73. Figure 5 The causal factor of Shape Dynamics-Sea Level Changes To find the root cause of the shape[t11] dynamics of delta region, two main exogenetic factors have been examined on spatio-temporal basis such as creek density and sea level change. Creeks density is calculated for the year 1999 to 2010 by dividing the length of creek with the area of the island, which shows there is also a trend of gradual increase especially in mangrove forest area on the sea shore margin. It is observed that values of creek density increases towards the sea shore region where the sea water along with wave action is more active rather than dynamic river water in the inland areas which is shown in the Figure 6. Except one region the creek density is higher on the sea margin. The increase creek density may be the reason for formation of several islands in the central coastal zone due to defragmentation. Figure 6 The temporal data of sea level changes of three observation points i.e., Hiron Point, Khepupara and Charchanga (Figure 7) are analyzed to identify the sea level changes within 1979 to 2000, shown in Figure 8. The progressive graph of the data of this temporal period exhibits an average positive gradual trend of sea level rise in this region. Figure 7 Figure 8 To examine the causal source of that diversity and we have definitely found that there remains [t12]a positive sea level anomaly of 2.80 mm in between 1992 to 2012 in the concerned region (Figure 9). The fact again signifies that the sea level rise in the study area which contributes the changes of delta morphology capture in fractal geometry ultimately resulting into dynamism of island shapes over the progressive temporal period[t13]. Figure[t14] 9 Conclusion The objective of the present study is to analyse the shape complexity dynamics of Bangladesh Sunderban delta in between 1999 to 2010. The dynamism of the delta shapes is analysed using in terms of fractal dimension and shape index. The change in fractional geometry of island/delta within the specified time period is captured and the observations are strengthening with the help of other statistical indices. The analysis of FD and SI parameters of islands indicate that there is an exponential relation of Shape complexity with the changing FD within 1999 to 2010. The[t15] shape complexity of the islands of Bangladesh is increasing which is clearly evident from this study. There may be several factors for this complexity. Of these, sea level rise and creek density are important factors because Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to sea level rise (Brammer et al., 1993). But still there is no specific regional scenario for net sea level rise because the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta is still active and having dynamic morphology and delivers approximately 1.6 billion tone sediment at the face of Bangladesh annually (Broadus, 1993), while there are some parts where land is subsiding due to tectonic activities (Huq et al., 1996). So this sediment replenishment is considered to balance subsidence of delta (Agarwala et al., 2003). This sediment deposition along with strong tidal current is the reason for the formation of some new islands in the central coastal zone in last few years. But still it needs more detail scientific study to reveal the dynamic s of this delta complex and a lot of time series data of sea level rise to comment on this. It is also notable that result FD computation is varies over the scales. Hence, the observation and conclusion is valid only on the existing scale over which the experiment is carried out. It is also pointed out that further study may be undertaken to make more reasonable judgment over it. [t1]Need modification [t2]Co-ordinate, geographical extent [t3]No. of islands taken into consideration [t4]Path / row [t5]Model name [t6]What these indices indicates or signify [t7]Why used in this study (indices) [t8]Write something here [t9]Analyse more about table 1 and 2 [t10]Significance [t11]Is there any other cause like thermal expansion . at least mention it [t12]modify [t13]overall comments: write something about physical significance at least one or two paragraph. Things are statistically analysed physical significance and observation is necessary. [t14]Try to give a or two delta figure of two time with FD and SI value ebbraded to show the change in shape and FD relation. [t15]Check the conclution once

Terrorism - Domestic Bigots More Dangerous than Foreign Terrorists :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Domestic Bigots Cause More Damage than Foreign Terrorists    As the federal government preoccupies itself with fighting the war against terror, it must not neglect the terror that Americans can inflict on one another at home. At the same time, we should be circumspect about our rhetoric as we affirm our commitment to the ideals of freedom by debating our government's policies. The recent spate of hate crimes across the country - about 1000 incidents, some of them fatal - calls for two responses. Congress and the president should pass and sign national hate crimes legislation. On the local level, each of us has the obligation to refrain from provocative remarks that embolden and reinforce the bigots' view that we are engaging in a war against a particular culture or religion.    Whatever contributions economic or political injustice may have on the support for terrorist regimes, those organizations ultimately thrive on a zealotry borne of group thought. This is evident in the terrorists' calls for all people of a certain group to take up a jihad against the 'infidels' who cannot claim the same group membership. In contrast, the battle that the United States is now waging is not directed at any group except for the people who commit mass murder under the influence of group identity. Americans are individualists at heart. We eschew the politics of racial division and ethnic pandering. We abhor discrimination, which violates another's individuality by ascribing to him a group identity and subsequently mistreating him. We are especially appalled when the maltreatment escalates into assault, battery and homicide.    Thus, in the 1993 Supreme Court case Wisconsin v. Mitchell, the justices unanimously upheld Wisconsin's hate crimes statute, which imposed additional penalties for perpetrators motivated by animus toward another's race. The Court reasoned that judges and juries routinely consider a perpetrator's motives as aggravating factors. For example, premeditated murder is punished more severely than random killing. Considering the criminal's bias in sentencing is consistent with our juridical principles. However, it is not enough for a handful of states to consider bias as an aggravating factor in sentencing. We need to express the nation's consensus that, as a liberal society, we condemn the illiberal thoughts that inspire hate crimes. Treating people differently on the basis of perceived group identities, which derive in turn from superficialities like physical appearance, is the greatest unfreedom. While an orderly society cannot tolerate crime, a free society simply cannot tolerate crimes borne of ignorance and group thought.

Ap World History Chapter 26 Notes

Chapter 26 Notes: Ottomans and Arabs Ottomans: Factors of Decline * Competition between elite * Weak rulers * Increasingly powerful Janissary corps * Increased competition from European merchants * Military challenges from the West * Ottomans vs. Russia (result: loss of Serbia, Greece, and most of Balkans) Survival * Played European rivals against each other * Selim III: reformed bureaucracy, new army and navy.Killed by janissaries in 1807 * Mahmud II: slaughtered Janissaries, families and religious allies, reforms based on Western influence (angered conservative religious leaders) * Tanzimat Reforms (1939-1876): series of Western influenced reforms in education, government, newspapers, and constitution. Introduction of railroad and telegraph systems (effect: communication increased, minority groups increased power) * Consequences: artisans negatively effected (thank you, Britain), women ‘s status remained stagnant Backlash to Reforms Conflict between old and new orders * Abdul Hamid: attempted to return to despotic governing.. nullified constitution, removed Westerners in power, continued SOME Western policies * Coup 1908: Ottoman Society for Union and Progress (Young Turks) fought for return to 1976 constitution, Sultan remained as figurehead. * War in North Africa: Ottomans lost Libya * Young Turks vs. Arabs * World War I: Turkey sided with Germany†¦. Arab Heartlands Fertile Crescent, Egypt, North AfricaIdentified with Ottoman rulers as Muslims, disliked Ottoman rule * Fear of Western rule Muhammad Ali, Westernizing Europe * Napoleon invades Egypt (1798): example of Western military power, eventually defeated by the British * Western reforms introduced (military, agriculture) little accomplished in the long-term * Khedives: Muhammad’s descendants, ruled Egypt until 1952 Issues and European Help * Cotton: solely dependent on export * Misuse of money by the elite Indebted to European powers * Suez Canal: introduces power struggle b/w European powers and Egypt (France and Britain) * Conservative Muslims resented Western presence * Liberal Muslims borrowed from West * Skirmish between Britain and Khedival army results in British domination (Egypt is NOT colonized) Egypt in Sudan * Sudan exploited, forced to reform slave trade * Jihad called against Egyptian rulers and Britain * Sudan successful in maintaining independence until 1896 * Western technology vs. Eastern technology

Of Children And Innocence Essays - Crime, Criminology, Free Essays

Of Children And Innocence Essays - Crime, Criminology, Free Essays Of Children And Innocence Of Children and Innocence Cause and Effect Essay There are many theories as to why violent juvenile crime is on the rise in the United States. Some theorists state that it is the collapse of the family unit, while others say it is violence in the media or the environment in which a child is raised. Actually, it is a combination of many varied internal and external forces. But first, one must go to the beginning, to the very root of a childs age of self-awareness. Children are born with the capacity to learn. Hate, envy, racism, selfishness; these traits are not instinctive, rather, they are learned. It does not matter where anti-social traits are initially experienced, whether it is found in the home, or school, or even in the nursery, the results are the same. Children that are exposed to violence at an early age could have a propensity towards violent behavior as they mature. Children must be shown that violent behavior is not acceptable, and traits, such as compassion, are acceptable. Too many children today are left alone or unsupervised by guardians and parents. In todays society, it is a common trend for both the mother and father to work. Young children are many times left in the care of schools, friends, neighbors, and relatives. In these cases children behave in ways that imitate real life. Children observe violence on television, at their school, or at home. In a childs eyes, violence is an acceptable behavior because it is observed as being acceptable. It is imperative that young children are guided and taught the differences between right and wrong. In a perfect society, this is all well and good. Unfortunately, perfect societies do not exist. If the core fundamental moral structure of a childs undeveloped personality is firmly established, there is a very good chance that violence will not be a part of that childs adult future. Child psychiatrists have found that a child becomes self aware around six years of age. The first five years of a persons life is sometimes referred to as the age of innocence. Too many children today have never experienced the age of innocence. These children more often become adults with developed undesirable anti-social behaviors. A very high percentage of violent adolescents were found to have had come from a disturbed and sometimes violent homelife. When these same adolescents were asked if they could recall happy moments in early childhood, most could not recall any. Most certainly, the violence seen on television, in films, in newspapers and periodicals only amplified the acceptance of violent behavior. In order for society to find a way to control violent youth, society must start with the newborn generation, and continue working with each successive newborn generation, until instances of violent behavior begin to subside. There is a solution, but the solution would require understanding and participation of all parties involved. This would mean Federal and local governments, schools, churches, day care centers, and ultimately, both parents. The solution could take years, even decades to implement. But it must be done soon if we ever expect to see a change in our youth within our lifetime.

Usefulness of Testing essays

Usefulness of Testing essays There are many benefits that come with testing human beings. First, testing young children allows schools to ensure they are placed in a proper classroom setting based on their age and ability to learn. This is considered mandatory academic testing in order for school officials and parents to assess the ability of children who are just beginning school. Second, people of any age have the freedom to take tests that will allow them the opportunity to reveal certain strengths of their personality as well as personal and professional preferences. These are optional tests that, answered honestly, allow people to find out a lot about their inner selves. Third, people can appropriately be qualified or disqualified from certain organizations through specific testing. These types of tests allow people to pursue a higher level of education, a lifestyle change, or a specialized career. Clearly there are many types of tests, which have proven to be beneficial to the majority of the populat ion. Testing can allow elementary schools to properly place young children into appropriate classes. In these classes, children can interact and learn with other students of their same age and learning ability. Obviously it wouldnt be fair to have an average or above average student in a class for children whose ability to learn is below average. Just as it would not be fair to put a mentally retarded student in a class with extremely bright children. Furthermore, it wouldnt be appropriate to place a 16-year-old into a class full of 10-year-olds. The speed, at which these types of children learn is very different from each other. In addition, the amount of information that these types of children can soak up and interpret is also extremely varied. Keeping children within an appropriate class that meets their needs can alleviate boredom, fear, anxiety, and the possibility of being made fun of for being dif ...

Discussion 8 international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Maintaining safe classrooms and schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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