Rape Victims in Moroccan Society - 1032 Words

On a Monday morning, at 10am, in the office of the association, Solidarità © Feminine, the atmosphere was calm and relaxed. With a simple phone call and the atmosphere was disturbed violently. After the call, the police had just brought a young mother and her two children to the association. In the picture provided by the authorities, was a young face torn by the blade of a knife and her left cheek was abraded and revealed raw flesh. This is the story of a young teen mother that has not only been the victim, of a horrific crime, rape, but more importantly, she is further victimized by being severely cast out by the society. Many teen girls in Morocco are raped, impregnated, then rejected by their family, society and father of the baby, which†¦show more content†¦It is not logical that the men, who are the initial cause of this problem, get away with it and the women, who were innocent from the start, are getting blamed for wanting the man to rape her. This can be seen as an act of discrimination towards women and it has to stop. It is not because we can prove that these women had sexual relations outside marriage that we can blame her for everything. We have to see the fact that the men also have sexual relations outside marriage and that they are the cause of all this and not the women. If the women deserve the hatred of society for this, then the men that did this to them should get ten times more for being the ones to put them through this. Another big example of a harsh condition that they have to conquer is becoming prostitutes. When all the aforementioned events occur to them, they have no choice but to leave their child and live on the street that leads them to become prostitutes in order to survive financially (Filles Mà ¨re: Le Hachouma Du Maroc). They do not have enough money to survive on their own; they might not even have any money at all so they have to find a job. It is really hard for them to find a job after what happened to them so the only job they can find is to become prostitutes. Instead putting them in these conditions, we should instead help them with giving them more opportunities to find a better job with a fair amount of money. This can only be doneShow MoreRelatedThe Monarch Of Morocco : The Ruler Of The Faithful Essay1725 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the thematic dimension of both Moroccan films and literature. With regards to its development, Orlando explains that Moroccan cinema differed significantly from that of its neighboring nations because the sociopolitical circumstances were not similar. The films made at the time of independence were mere propaganda and tried to respond to â€Å"different ministries which also commissioned newsreels designed for state propaganda† (Armes, 20). Moroccan cinema at its beginning was a state-run instrumentRead MoreRemedy to Immoralities That Are Part of Society Today2031 Words   |  9 Pages‘culture’ cannot be stopped. However; there are actions that can be taken to reduce it to the minimum in order for the current and future generation to lead a good and healthy lifestyle. Back in the days, alcohol and drugs are considered as taboo in the society either in the East or the West. In Britain today, many teenagers are involved in binge drinking at an early age. They would semiconsciously walk around the streets late at night and some were picked up by the â€Å"booze bus† to be sent to the hospitalRead MoreIslamic Law and Human Trafficking in Saudi Arabia Essay3267 Words   |  14 Pagespolitical systems, with a culture marked by deep history and faith. Since the September 11, 2011 terrorist attacks, Saudi Arabia has continued to work on a reform agenda to promote greater participation by Saudi citizens, a vibrant economy, and a civil society. However, many issues still plague the state. The blight of human trafficking, in forms of labor, sex, and other forms of trafficking, is of particular concern in Saudi Arabia. Some Western critics attribute this to the country’s legal system. SaudiRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLandscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American

Animal Testing And The Scientific Field - 1305 Words

The world has become very advanced through scientific discoveries in the past. As time continues to progress, so does the world s knowledge. New discoveries are made every day that help with diseases and technology. During the developments and discoveries in the scientific field, people find that the richest discoveries in health or medicine generally depend on animal testing. According to Animal Testing in the History of Anesthesia: Now and Then, Some Stories, Some Facts, the writer says, â€Å"There are many interesting anecdotes, [†¦] about how dogs have been loved, named and tested by many anesthesiologists, [†¦]. However, the contribution of experiments on animals such as rabbit, monkey, mice, guinea pigs etc., also played a significant role in the evolution of both general and regional anesthesia.† (149). This means the experts use many kinds of domestic animals for animal testing, like dogs and cats, in addition to wild animals, like monkeys and mice. Therefor e, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. According to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals, those animals have the right to live; the other opinion supports the idea of animal testing, claiming it is an important part of research that leads to medical advancement that produces results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year, huge numbers of animals are sacrificed for science, and all of these animals, regardless of their species,Show MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Animal Experimentation927 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries, the ethics of animal experimentation in the biomedical field have been questioned. The primary concern is whether the animals used in research outweigh the pain the animals endure. Animal rights activists will argue that there are new alternatives, which are more accurate than animal testing. The success of animal trials has continued the use by scientists within the medical fiel d. Additionally, testing on animals eliminate harm to humans. The first Animal Cruelty Act was created inRead MoreAnimal Testing : Is It Ethical?994 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing, is it Ethical? For centuries, the ethics of animal experimentation in the biomedical field have been questioned. Do the benefits of animals used in research outweigh the pain the animals endure? Animal rights activists will argue there are new alternatives that there are more accurate than animal testing. The success of trials on animals, has led to the continued use by scientists within the medical field. Additionally, testing on animals instead of humans puts humans out of harmsRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1278 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal testing or animal experimentation is the use of non-human species such as animals, in experiments to test the affect of controlled variables on the subjects behaviour or physical appearance. The use of animal testing in science is a controversial issue that has divided the public for many centuries; between immense passion and emotion from those opposing the practice, and those that preach its integral part in the advancement of science. The div ide in the topic is between the scientific communityRead More History and Pros of Animal Testing Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHistory and Pros of Animal Testing Abstract: Animal research refers to the use of non-human animals for testing or experimenting on. The first recorded use of animals for testing started with the Greeks in the third and fourth century BC. The use of animals for testing is usually in the basic fields of; biomedical research, security, evaluation and education of a product. It is estimated that almost 50 million—100 million animals are tested on and killed annually, but this is usually done toRead MoreAnimal Models And Clinical Trials1158 Words   |  5 Pages(WY Mak et. Al, 2014) discusses the concerns of the fact that many drugs that are successful in animal trials are not successful in clinical trials, most specifically, drugs used in cancer treatments. Animal models have been an important factor in the testing of a new drug before it is used in clinical trials, but many drugs that are approved in animal models are not successful in human models. It has been shown that 85% of early clinical trials for novel drugs are n ot successful and from the remainingRead MoreThe Use Of Scientific Testing On Animals1503 Words   |  7 Pagesused animals as means of learning more about the world. The first known vivisection was done by a Greek philosopher, Alcmaeon, in 450 B. C. E (â€Å"Animal Testing† NP). Since then, animals have had invasives tests performed on them, been killed, and been experimented on in the name of science or for profit. Some experiments are in order to demonstrate already known facts to students, others are to further medical knowledge, and some are to test drugs and cosmetics (â€Å"Animal Testing† NP). Scientific testingRead MoreEthical And Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing And Research759 Words   |  4 PagesEthical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research. The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, which emphasized reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal use, principles, many scientists referred to the thre e R’s. These principles encouraged researchers to work to cut down the figure of animals utilized in experiments to the minimum considered necessary, refine or limit the pain and distress to which animals are exposed, and replace the use of animals with non-animalRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Successes And Clinical Research Failures982 Words   |  4 PagesAn examination of the conditions endured by research animals beforehand can also be attributed to a source of conclusion inaccuracy between animal experimentation successes and clinical research failures. Stress, commonly experienced by animal subjects in a lab setting, is a major factor known for contaminating the accuracy and reliability of biomedical research results. Stress causes a chain reaction of heightened readings, such as increased heart rates, pulses, muscular actions, and hormonal balancesRead MoreHuman Testing On Human Beings1727 Words   |  7 Pages Since the beginning of time in the medical field, toxicology has always been a profound question. What is toxic? And what not toxic. This question has pondered medical professionals for years. The toxicity of anything varies greatly, what can and is toxic to one person may not be toxic to another, and so on and so forth, this also includes as to what dosage of certain medicines and chemicals fall into the toxic category as well. What one person can inquest safely might kill another person? Read MoreScientific Advances in Society and Conflict Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesScientific Advances in Society and Conflict In order to respond to the above statement fully, I have chosen three different examples of scientific advances that have had a major effect on society in the recent years. These are Animal Experimentation, Cloning and Cryogenics. I will be giving a brief definition of each term, and then describing the conflicts they cause, highlighting the arguments for and against. Animal experimentation has caused many a conflict

In what ways is the environment of your country threatened Free Essays

Our survival depends on how well we handle our environment. The term environment refers to mountains, land, seas, oceans, forests and rivers. It also includes men, animals and plants. We will write a custom essay sample on In what ways is the environment of your country threatened? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mauritius, being a small country, is prone to many environmental hazards. Environmental pollution has become a great menace to man. Our environment is threatened in many ways including modernization, industrialization, deforestation, urbanization, agriculture, transport and travel and tourism. Measures and solutions are being taken to reduce them as eliminating them is impossible. The rapid growth of population is the most important cause in the imbalance of our environment. The larger the population, the greater the facilities and resources are required. Mauritius, being on of the small islands developing state is limited in size and resources. The demands of the population are increasing day by day and this is causing harm to our surroundings. There is not much space available for agriculture. If the growth is not checked, the pollution will get worsened. Modernization and industrialization in a tiny country like ours are having harmful effects on the environment. There is no proper zoning system in the country. The setting up of industries anywhere is giving rise to all types of pollution. The factories owners do not abide by the laws and run their factories as per their wish without thinking about what would happen to the environment. Land, noise and air pollutions are very common things nowadays. Aquatic lives have to suffer also because of factories which throw dyes in water. Moreover, in the name of road networks and residential areas, we are affecting our physical environment. The large scale destruction of forests is a great threat to mankind. People are cutting down trees to make buildings and the beauty of nature is thus disappearing. We depend a lot on our forests. Even animals depend on forests for food and shelter. Our cities provide for their inhabitants all the material comforts that modern science has bestowed upon man. They do not have the time to observe nature and appreciate its beauty. They are more interested in having big shopping complexes, houses and restaurants. Coromandel, which once used to be an agricultural land has now turned into a residential one. There is no control over population in urban areas and therefore over-crowding and environmental pollution have increased. The overuse and use of chemicals in agriculture affect our land our food. The insecticides used by farmers on the plants are washed away by rain and absorbed by the soil which caused the plants to die. These chemicals have proved to be very bad for health. Pesticides also form part in killing harmful pests and harmful wild lives. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are estimated to stay in the soil that contains those chemicals can accumulate them into their tissues. Human beings, very often unaware of these facts, are victims of all types of illnesses. Atmospheric pollution is being caused by the increasing fleet of vehicles and industries. Vehicles use fuels such as kerosene, diesel and oil. There is no control of the number of vehicles running our roads and motorways. The exhaust fumes from vehicles contribute a lot on our environmental imbalance. Noise pollution is another drawback of overuse of cars. Moreover, the industrial machines also contribute to noise pollution. The expansion of tourism is an opportunity for Mauritius but there are many environmental challenges. Sea activities mean a lot to tourists. They come to our island especially because of our beautiful beaches and lagoons. Due to marine pollution, the tourism can be very much affected. Many tourists will refuse to choose Mauritius as destination for holidays and will rather turn to the neighborhood islands like Seychelles and Reunion. Also, in Mauritius, many hotels have been built for tourists. At times there are no clients at all in those hotels. Then why is the need of having so many hotels? We are working according to a wrong planning and management. Several measures can be taken to diminish the risks of environmental hazards. A forestation will prove to be very beneficial. If ever we are cutting one tree, it will be good to plant another two trees. By doing this, there will be a balance in nature. The government must put a tax on fertilizers which will discourage those making excessive use of them and they will be more careful. Furthermore, catalytic converters or even unleaded petrol should be used. This will be helpful to decrease the level of pollution. Also environment education must be taught in schools. This will create awareness among the children and they will therefore know how to maintain their surroundings. Bins must be placed everywhere so as to have a clean and perfect environment. No work is done correctly without motivation. If awards for best villages, best cities and gardens are given, then the environment might become much more pleasant. Let us conclude the essay quoting the two famous sentences used by Mrs Indira Gandhi when she inaugurated the 12th World Energy Congress- â€Å"We should be good guests on earth, neither too demanding nor disturbing its delicate balance. We should allow it to renew itself for those who are to follow.† How to cite In what ways is the environment of your country threatened?, Papers

Commercial & Corporation Law Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Is there a Contract Between Li Wu and John, Vanessa and John? When was this Contract made? 2.Do you think that John is liable for Damages for breach of any Contractual Terms?3.Do you think that John is liable for Damages for breach of any Statutory Guarantees under Part 3-2-1 of the Australian Consumer Law? Answers: Introduction Australian Consumer Law is the legislation to protect consumers in the place of business and trade. This act prevents customers from fraud or illegal business or trade. Consumer laws also provide the statutory rules for dealing with any damages or loss to the customer and help to claim compensation for damages. According the case study, the following assignment is briefly described according the Australian Consumer Law. The contract between both parties and the provisions of breach of contracts also discuss on the assignment with a famous case law.. In addition, the statutory guarantee of trade services and their provision also described through a famous law. Discussion 1.According the case study, two contracts have made between Li Wu and John and Vanessa and John. John gave an open advertisement of his business and both of the students have applied for booking. Here, they accepting the offer of that open business proposal of add which make a valid contract. There must have some essential ingredients for a valid contract[1]. Those are: Proposal acceptance: There must be two or more than two parties needed for a valid contract. One party proposes an offer and other party must accept that. The offer must be valid, create an intention to form a legal relation and described in a proper manner. Mutual consent of the parties or Consensus-ad-idem: mutual understanding of both parties should make an agreement. That means the both parties will have same understanding and same issues for that particular agreement. Intension to form a legal relationship: A valid contract always establishes legal relation. That means if one party fails to maintain the contract then he will face legal formalities. If the parties have no intention to form a legal relation then the contract will be void [2]. Lawful consideration: A contract without consideration is void. The consideration must be lawful too. Consideration means something is return, i.e. for a valid contract the parties must get back something in return according to the promise. Lawful objects: The objects of a valid contract should be lawful. The contract must not damage any other property, not unauthorized by law, not fraudulent, not illegal, not immoral or against of the public policy. Free consent: The parties will give their free consent. Consent is free when it is not formed under coercion, under influence, fraud, misrepresentation or mistakenly. Not declared to be illegal or void: A contract will be declared void by any law in the country, which is not enforceable by law. Meaning of the agreement must be cleared: The meaning of an agreement must clear its intention with all the terms and condition of that contract. Possibility of certain performance: Contract should be able to perform. It will be enforceable to the law if it performs illegally. Legal formalities: A contract may be made by word, written or spoken. But according to the contract if it is directed to be made by written, proper registration or attestation is necessary to form a valid contract[3]. 2.Breach of contract is a part of contract, which violated contract rule. Breach of any term that follows important consequences and affect the innocent part. The essential terms, this mentioned about the obligation of both parties. When one party fails to perform according the terms and condition of the contract. When damage occurs for breaching any contract. The party who affect by damages can terminate contract for any consequences of breaches. The consequences of the breach will determine whether termination of the contract is allowed or the party can sue for damages. Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd v Luna Park (NSW) Ltd is a case of breach of contract[4]. Luna Park had a contract with Tramway Advertisement to display an advertisement 8 hours per day for 3 seasons. However, in second season TA terminate the contract and LP sued them for breaching the contract and claimed for damages. The defendant was sure to determine the contract because of past breaches, and because LP led the TA to believe that, in future the contract would not be performed according to its terms and condition. So following the fact plaintiff had a right to claim damages from defendant[5]. As per the case study, John is the owner of his business and it is his liability to know all the information about the place where they hiking. The heavy rainfall is unsafe for hiking and John neglected warning issues, which cause injure to Vanessa. He failed to register and obtain a license and used poor quality equipments. However, he also signed a certificate of Adrenaline Junkie by both of the customers. Here, John breach the contract for negligent his duties and liable for cause of injuries and damages. Now, Vanessa had suffered the damages and can claim compensation against according the common law remedies. The compensation is the financial or monetary cost but other costs like time or production can also be included[6]. 3.In a contract, the non-breaching party can claim remedies for the damages or injuries for suffering the loss. The different types of remedies are: Damages are the basic remedy in common law. Sometimes mental stress is comes under these damage consequences. Liquidated claims are provided the financial or monetary cost as the compensation of breach of contract. Specific performance is an order of court for breaching the contract. Australian Consumer Law applies to all the service providers[7]; those provide any kind of services related to trade in accordance with statutory guarantees. A consumer is injured due to the negligence of service provider then that person can sue him for breach of contract. Service should provide through trade or commerce. Sec-60 of the ACL establish that when service provider give services to consumer according in trade or commerce then it will guarantee the service is supplied with due care and skill. It that breach then the consumer have right to take action against the provider. Sec 267 of ACL establish the law for the plaintiff or the customer can claim damages with the guarantee for failure to give service or injuries[8]. According the case study John is liable for damages for breach of statutory guarantees. He failed to give services for his negligence toward his service, using poor safe equipments and cause damage and injuries to Vanessa. Borch v Answer Products Inc [2000] QSC 379 is famous case of Australia of CL[9]; Borch is sued for facial injuries from a mountain bicycle accident. The plaintiff complaint about the manufacturing of bicycle products that caused injury and mental shock to them. They claim the monitory compensation from them. At the time of cycling, the bicycles were collapsed and four people faced an accident. In the, matter it is the case of negligence in a tortuous act or omission. Reference "Product Safety". Australian Competition And Consumer Commission, 2017, https://www.accc.gov.au/business/treating-customers-fairly/product-safety. "Consumers And The ACL Australian Consumer Law". Consumerlaw.Gov.Au, 2017, https://consumerlaw.gov.au/consumers-and-the-acl/. Corones, Stephen G.Competition law in Australia. Thomson Reuters Australia, Limited, 2014. McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. Cartwright, John.Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. Poole, Jill.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press, 2016. Allsop, James. "Values in law: How they influence and shape rules and the application of law!."Brief44.2 (2017): 49. Butt, Peter.Modern legal drafting: A guide to using clearer language. Cambridge University Press, 2013. Bailey, Julian.Construction Law. Crc Press, 2014. ("Consumers And The ACL Australian Consumer Law") Poole, Jill.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press, 2016. Poole, Jill.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press, 2016. ("Product Safety") Allsop, James. "Values in law: How they influence and shape rules and the application of law!."Brief44.2 (2017): 49. ("Product Safety") ("Consumers And The ACL Australian Consumer Law") Cartwright, John.Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014.

Death Of Salesman And Crucible Essays - , Term Papers

Death Of Salesman And Crucible Arthur Miller, winner of many literary and dramatic awards, is an incredibly influential force in American drama. His plays deal with issues common to every society. He makes the audience face fault, weakness, and ignorance; subjects we would typical hide from. At the same time he emphasizes strength, human spirit, and familial love. Alice Griffin believes that Miller's plays are important internationally (xii). He belongs to an international theater rather than a regional theater (Heilman 170). His plays are staged and studied by students to understand American life in Russia, P and, Iceland, Brazil, Italy, France, Germany, Czech Republic, and China to name a few (Griffin xi). Miller's works thrived in England. The University of East Angelia named it's center the Arthur Miller Centre (Griffin 1). They can relate to the sense f identity, honor, recognition, and familial love (Griffin Preface). In a production in Beijing, Miller explained to a Chinese actor playing Biff the son's feelings of guilt and "painfully requited" love for his father, the actor understood as it is v y Chinese (Morath 79). The phenomenon of Death of a Salesman has been the same all over the world. Audiences all have a sense of their life story of their father, uncle, or brother (Griffin 35). In real life Miller had an Uncle Manny who had two sons ho were in competition with Miller and his brother. Manny ended his own life because he failed at business. Miller's personal history is demonstrated in his sensitive and passionate writing in Death of a Salesman (Griffin 41). The Crucible (1952) was originally intended to be called Those Familiar Spirits, referring to a spirit that a witch presumably sends out to torment her victims. However, the well area at the bottom of a blast furnace is known as the crucible, it is whe the molten steels collects being entirely broken down due to immense heat. Miller thought that this was a precise metaphor for what happened in Salem. Crucible also means a harsh trial or examination. John Proctor's integrity was surely investigated. He chose to die instead of confessing to being evil. According to Raymond Williams, The Crucible is a powerfully successful dramatization of the notorious witch trials of Salem. It is technically less interesting than its previous ones because it is b ed on a historical event which is explicit enough to solve, the difficult dramatic problems which Miller had originally set himself. Miller brilliantly expresses a particular crisis "the modern witch hunt" in his own society, but it is not often, in ou own world, that the issues and statements so clearly emerge in a naturally dramatic form (13). Miller used the Salem Witch Trials of the 17th century, to make an indirect, but assertive comment upon McCarthyism in American life (Richard Watt, Jr. 536). In 1953, when the play was produced, the United States was in social and political turmoil. Joseph McCarthy a Senator from Wisconsin and the play in comparison were both significantly politically infamous. The Senator was responsible for the investiga ons to find communists in the State Department, Hollywood, and the U.S. Army. These investigations created fear and suspicion within our society. McCarthy was eventually found guilty of misusing his authority (Watts vii). Before being found guilty S ator McCarthy accused the Democratic administration of sheltering and helping Communists in the American government. It was a fearful time similar to that in Salem. The United States government called McCarthy's activities witch-hunts. In The Crucibl Miller mentions that McCarthy accuses individuals of being Communist if they opposed him. Any government official who criticized his hearings was soon found to be defending himself against the charge of being involved in a Communist conspiracy. Miller mpared McCarthy to the Salem judges in a broad sense (Cliffnotes 52). In 1953 The Crucible was attacked as a comparison to the current Senate "witch hunts." Critics said it was not a good play at that time, however, later it was found to be superior. he House Un-American Activities Committee summoned Miller to a hearing. Miller refused to name others as communist sympathizers. He also said that he would only take responsibility for himself and not others. Miller was fined and given a thirty day s pended jail sentence because he spoke out like John Proctor in The Crucible (Griffin 7). During the McCarthyism period witnesses refused to answer questions and when they did they were scorned (Bentley 302). Thousands of people who refused to answer q stions and confess were executed during the seventeenth century. Authorities believed

Free Essays on The First Amendment

The First Amendment No other democratic society in the world permits personal freedoms to the degree of the United States of America. Within the last sixty years, American courts, especially the Supreme Court, have developed a set of legal doctrines that thoroughly protect all forms of the freedom of expression. When it comes to evaluating the degree to which we take advantage of the opportunity to express our opinions, some members of society may be guilty of violating the bounds of the First Amendment by publicly offending others through obscenity or racism. Americans have developed a distinct disposition toward the freedom of expression throughout history. The First Amendment clearly voices a great American respect toward the freedom of religion. It also prevents the government from "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Since the early history of our country, the protection of ba sic freedoms has been of the utmost importance to Americans. In Langston Hughes' poem, "Freedom," he emphasizes the struggle to enjoy the freedoms that he knows are rightfully his. He reflects the American desire for freedom now when he says, "I do not need my freedom when I'm dead. I cannot live on tomorrow's bread." He recognizes the need for freedom in its entirety without compromise or fear. I think Langston Hughes captures the essence of the American immigrants' quest for freedom in his poem, "Freedom's Plow." He accurately describes Americans as arriving with nothing but dreams and building America with the hopes of finding greater freedom or freedom for the first time. He depicts how people of all backgrounds worked together for one cause: freedom. Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 is a fictitious example of the evils of censorship in a world that is becoming illiterate. In this book, the government convinces the public that book r... Free Essays on The First Amendment Free Essays on The First Amendment The First Amendment No other democratic society in the world permits personal freedoms to the degree of the United States of America. Within the last sixty years, American courts, especially the Supreme Court, have developed a set of legal doctrines that thoroughly protect all forms of the freedom of expression. When it comes to evaluating the degree to which we take advantage of the opportunity to express our opinions, some members of society may be guilty of violating the bounds of the First Amendment by publicly offending others through obscenity or racism. Americans have developed a distinct disposition toward the freedom of expression throughout history. The First Amendment clearly voices a great American respect toward the freedom of religion. It also prevents the government from "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Since the early history of our country, the protection of ba sic freedoms has been of the utmost importance to Americans. In Langston Hughes' poem, "Freedom," he emphasizes the struggle to enjoy the freedoms that he knows are rightfully his. He reflects the American desire for freedom now when he says, "I do not need my freedom when I'm dead. I cannot live on tomorrow's bread." He recognizes the need for freedom in its entirety without compromise or fear. I think Langston Hughes captures the essence of the American immigrants' quest for freedom in his poem, "Freedom's Plow." He accurately describes Americans as arriving with nothing but dreams and building America with the hopes of finding greater freedom or freedom for the first time. He depicts how people of all backgrounds worked together for one cause: freedom. Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 is a fictitious example of the evils of censorship in a world that is becoming illiterate. In this book, the government convinces the public that book r...

The Financial Planning Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Financial Planning Process - Essay Example The main aim of the analysis is to understand the difference between our needs and wants. Particular financial objectives are essential to financial planning. Others can propose financial objectives for us; on the other hand, we need to choose the objectives for which we are planning our financial situations for future needs. Financial objectives can go from using the greater part of the current income to creating far-reaching reserve funds and investment program for the financial security of our future. Developing other options is most important part of making effective decisions. Although there are many factors which will influence the available options we need to consider the possible course of action under the following categories- We need to assess conceivable approaches, contemplating the life circumstance, current economic condition and personal goals and values. We have to assess the Outcomes of Decisions. Each choice shuts off options. For instance, a choice to put resources into stock may mean that we cant take an excursion. Opportunity cost is the important thing that we need to give up while settling on a decision. This cost generally alluded to as the exchange off of a choice, cant generally is measured in dollars. Choice making will be a progressing a piece of your individual and financial circumstance. Hence, investors will need to consider the lost opportunities which will be needed to face by the investors as a result of their decisions. In this step of financial planning activities, investors need to develop a plan of action. It requires choosing correct ways to achieve our targets. After achieving the short-term goals investors need to focus on the long-term financial goals of our life. For planning our financials investors can take help of any professional person who will help them to achieve their target. Financial planning is a dynamic process which does not end after taking a particular cause of action.  

Principal Perspective from Coaching Teachers lessons Thesis

Principal Perspective from Coaching Teachers lessons - Thesis Example 2.0 Introduction Leadership in education has been defined in a plethora of ways over the last decades and this accumulation of varied definitions serves to make the immense differences in opinions and discernment about school leadership more apparent. Historically, educational leadership was considered a means of support for teaching staff by heads of department, school principals, lead or master teachers, social workers, supervisors and education specialists (Sparks, 2002; Sledge & Morehead, 2006). During the twentieth century the role of school leaders has changed significantly, and as Suskavcevic & Blake (2001, p.2) point out, it has been ‘highly transformative’. They further claim that in the 1930s the primary role for principals was as ‘scientific manager’; in the 1940s it was as ‘democratic leader’; in the 1970s it was as ‘humanistic facilitator’; in the 1980s it became as ‘instructional leader’ (p.2) and currentl y it is as ‘transformational leader’ (p.4). ... To understand the concept of coaching, particularly instructional coaching 4. To determine the role of principal in association with instructional coaching 5. To determine how principals perceive their role in association with instructional coaching 3.0 Literature Review 3.1 What is school leadership? As far back as 1954, Mackenzie & Stephen considered the principal of a school to be the leader in terms of instruction (cited in Greenfield, 1987). They considered leadership to be a ‘natural accompaniment of the goal-seeking behavior of human beings’ (p.4), and that any pursuits undertaken by one teacher that assists in another teacher achieving their goal is an example of leadership. They further purport that leadership can be assumed by anyone considered as ‘having control and means’ of what others want (p.9) and that the concept is dynamic and thus forever changing rather than being constant (p.10). Wasley (1991, p. 64), on the other hand, claims leadership is ‘the ability to encourage colleagues to change, to do things they wouldn't ordinarily consider without the influence of the leader ’; whereas Bolman & Deal (1994) consider that every teacher is a leader. Kowalski (1995) adds to their argument and considers teacher leaders to be teachers who are authorized and given the power to make pertinent decisions that impact on educational processes and educational outcomes. Katzenmeyer & Moller (2001) disillusioned with school leadership, and after a comprehensive review of literature, past experiences, and discussion with principals and other educational leaders, arrived at the conclusion that the definition of educational leadership is evolving and that teachers who are

Sociology - (Classical theorist Marx) Give an account of how Marx Essay

Sociology - (Classical theorist Marx) Give an account of how Marx understood History - Essay Example But was Karl Marx, sometimes in collaboration with friend and political economist, Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) who revolutionized the relationship of material production and the role of human beings within social structures. He devoted a good part of his time to economic studies on the flaws of the capitalist society; and produced some famous works like the ‘Communist Manifesto’ (1848) and ‘Das Capital’ (1867), with one aim: the self-emancipation of the working class. Hegel (1770-1831) and Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 -1872) are two theorists who affected Marx very strongly. The concept of Historical Materialism: In his ‘Introduction to Theses On Feuerbach’ (1845), Marx commences his own distinctive posit on Materialism, based on Feuerbach’s critique of Hegel’s ‘Theory of the Right’ (1821).His view of history is very different from the others. Marx, states that â€Å"it is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness (Marx and Engels, 1859: pp 503-504). According to Hegel (1821), God created everything from Him, thus ‘God’ was the ‘Absolute Idea’. Then, due to the nature of the material world opposing God, the ‘negation’ or ‘alienation’ from God occurred; this was a dialectic or a clash of opposite forces; until a third stage of the growth of man’s consciousness, would reconcile with the ‘Absolute Idea’ and return to a state of original consciousness. It had at its centre that all events are predetermined by God. Feuerbach (1841) argued that, the faculty of thought, which is the property of human beings, was the ruling principle of existence, and not God, as theorized by Hegel, and love was what united them. Marx, while agreeing with Hegel in part by accepting the ‘clash of opposing forces’ notion, he rejected Hegel’s view of the ‘Absolute Idea’. Marx posited that ‘labour’ was the ‘essence

Shape Complexity Dynamics of Bangladesh Delta

Shape Complexity Dynamics of Bangladesh Delta Shape complexity dynamics of Bangladesh delta: A fractal dimension approach Sugata Hazra Anirban Mukhopadhyay#, Sandip Mukherjee, Abhra Chanda and Tuhin Ghosh Abstract The lower deltaic plain of Ganges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh is a tidally active flood plain with anastomosing network of rivers and tidal creeks. The rapidly changing morphology of this delta is mainly due to huge sediment discharge transported down the drainage basins, it’s redistribution by tides and currents , erosion, deposition and sea level change. The shape complexity of this delta mainly near the estuaries has been a major concern for the Geomorphologists for a long time. During the recent past, the study of morphology and landscape evolution has gone through a radical change due to the advent of remote sensing techniques. The present research attempts an analysis the shape change dynamics of this deltaic island region of Sundarban for the last two decades on the basis of fractal dimension index coupled with modern remote sensing techniques. It is observed that the shape of the islands with respect to their margin irregularities are being caused due to the change in fractal geometry at the micro level which in turn is a function of sea level rise over this time period. Key words: Delta shape complexity; fractal dimension, Sundarban; Sea level rise. 1. Introduction Sundarban mangrove forest of Bangladesh comprises a huge network of small alluvial islands formed by the deposition of sediments, transported down the drainage basins of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers system (Gopal et al., 2006). Deltaic erosion and morphological change are continuously seen in the Sundarban region (Ghosh et al., 2003). Innumerable tidal creeks and channels with diurnal flow reversal and rapidly changing land forms make this delta a very dynamic one. Islands are undergoing erosion and accretion, therefore the morphology is continuously changing. The changes in the morphology are mainly driven by the variable supply of sediments (Brammer, 1993) and sea level change. Shape analysis is a process which identifies the pattern of landscape. The process describes distinction between regularity and irregularity of shape (). The prime objective of the shape analysis is to understand spatial pattern of a geographical phenomena and its possible cause and predicts a probable future pattern (). Shape index, in terms of magnitude of roundness of the object or the measure of irregularity in terms of roundness, is a statistical method to quantify shape of any unit of area. In a geographic context, shape is often characterized through a compactness indicator, which describes the form of a given region based on how far it deviates from a specified norm (e.g., circle, square, or triangle). The method for calculating this number utilizes one or more of the geometric parameters of the region being measured, such as area or perimeter (Elizabeth Wentz). The surface of the earth and especially landforms are always changing due to ever dynamic exogenetic forces contributing over the transformation of landforms in every moment of time. Due to this dynamism, the shapes of the landforms are not static outside a specific scale of time thus by creating the irregularity of shapes during the transformation process. Considering the transformation process as the media, we are required to examine the quantitative characterization of the shape irregularities of deltaic islands over the progressive temporal periods. The goal of the paper is to improve the ability to compar e the shape dynamics caused due to external factors thereof over two decadal periods. Also it is to suggest a method for improving the ability to compare the shape of landforms in a GIS environment with statistical base that is less dependent on direct human intervention or intuition or visual interpretation.[t1] As the fractional geometry especially known as fractal dimension of the object is a fundamental component of the object’s geometry to measure the irregularity. Fractal dimension is a fractionary value that describes the irregular of an object and how much of the space it occupies. It is a measure of how fragmented a fractal object is which may be understood as a characterization of its self-similarity (Backes and Bruno, 2008). We have taken this element as independent variable on the micro analytical base and by extracting the same for detection of overall shape change and the temporal dynamics of islands as the dependent variable on the macro analytical base over two decades. Sea level rise is found to be causal factor behind this dynamics. Present study aims at shape complexity dynamics study of Bangladesh Sunderban from 1999 to 2010 in the framework of Fractal Dimension (FD) and Shape Index (SI) analysis. 2. Study area and datasets Bangladesh, a low lying flood plain delta is the land of rivers and canals. This[t2] delta is formed at the confluence of Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system and their respective tributaries. Pramanik (1983) has divided the coastal zone of Bangladesh into three main regions namely eastern region, central region and western region. Our present study is mainly on the islands of central and western coastal regions. Central coastal zone extends from Feni river estuary to the eastern corners of the Sunderban. The zone receives a large volume of silt deposition from Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna river system. The sediment load comprises more than 70% of the silt with additional 10% sand (Sarwar, 2005). The morphology of this zone is very much dynamic due to huge river discharge and strong current leading to high rate of erosion and accretion. Numerous islands are located in this region. Many islands have formed by the accretion and many have disappeared in last few years due to erosion. Western region is mainly covered by Sunderban mangrove forest. Due to presence of mangrove forest this zone is comparatively stable in terms of erosion. The main characteristics of this zone are mangrove swamps, tidal creeks and mud flats. This region lies at 0.9 to 2.1 m above mean sea level (Iftekhar and Islam, 2004). Soil is of mainly silt loam or alluvial type. This region is very important for tourism due to Sunderban[t3]. Landsat TM-5 images of the year 1999 and 2010, 30 m spatial resolution, of Bangladesh Sunderban have been taken for this study. The path/row no of this datasets is[t4] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Satellite altimeter data of TOPEX (NASA) is taken for measurement of regional mean sea level using Nadir Pointing Radar Altimeter. The sea level rise is computed from the tide gauge measurement of various observatory of Bangladesh such as Hiron Point, Khepupara and Charchanga. Figure 1 3. Methodology The step by step procedures have been followed to examine the fact and to establish the concept. The raster and vector data processing and statistical analysis have been implemented in the remote sensing and GIS environment, the detail of which is furnished in the flow chart: Figure 2 3.1 Satellite data processing Two satellite imagery of different time (1999 and 2010) is taken into consideration in this study. Landsat TM-5 datasets were downloaded from the http://glovis.usgs.gov website. All the datasets are projected in UTM projection with zone no 45 and WGS 84 datum. 3.2 Measurement sea surface height variation The measurement of regional mean sea level and sea level anomaly is computed from satellite altimeter data of TOPEX (NASA-built Nadir Pointing Radar Altimeter using C band, 5.3 GHz, and Ku band, 13.6 GHz, and POSEIDON (CNES-built solid State Nadir pointing Radar Altimeter using Ku band, 13.65 GHz). The datasets are analyzed for measuring sea surface height from the year 1992 to 2012. Inverted barometer correction was applied to improve thedata quality (). 3.3 Delta morphology analysis This raster data format is changed to vector format by three successive stages. First is the digitization of the raw images in line layers. Once digitization is successfully completed, topology was built followed by the polygon building. After polygon building, creek and landmass layers are separated for two years. The landmass layers of polygons have converted to raster format again in order to use as the input for fractal dimension and shape index calculation in Fragstats (version 4.1) software. Fractal dimension and shape index are calculated using equation 1 and 2 (Jorge and Garcia, 1997). Shape Index = (1) Where, P is the perimeter of the polygon and A is the polygon area. If the polygon value is 1.0 it expresses maximum compaction, where the shape is circular. As the shape becomes more complex the SI increases. FractalDimension Index (D) = (2) The self similarity ratio and N is the number of step size here. Then[t5] the curve is defined as self-similar with fractal dimension D. FD of a curve may be any value D ranges from 1.0 to less than 2.0 for lines, and from 2.0 to less than 3.0 for surfaces. The higher the spatial complexity of a line or surface, the higher its fractal dimension (Nayak, 2008). Index Number Analysis[t6] is carried out to calculate the gradual changes of both the factors having the base year as 1999. The Simple Aggregative Index of FD (Eq. 3) and Simple Aggregative Index of SI (Eq. 4) are calculated to identify the change in FD and SI. The Fisher’s Ideal Index (I0n) is also computed to see the relative change of SI and FD during the period 1999 and 2010 (Eq. 5). It is a compound index calculated from Laspeyres’s Index and Paasche’s Index (). The relation between FD and SI is analysed in terms of regression and correlation to identify the relation between island shape and fractal geometry[t7]. Simple Aggregative Index of FD (I0n) = (∑pn / ∑p0) x 100(3) Simple Aggregative Index of SI (I0n) = (∑qn / ∑q0) (4) Fisher’s Ideal Index(5) Laspeyres’s Index = ∑qn p0/ ∑q0 p0 Paasche’s Index = ∑qn pn/ ∑q0 pn Fisher’s Ideal Index (I0n) = √(Laspeyres’s Index/ Paasche’s Index) x 100 Result and discussion Statistical analysis of change in delta morphology †¦..[t8] The histograms of Fractal Dimension Index (Figure 3) and Shape Index (Figure 4) have been analyzed separately to examine the general statistical trends of the data. The summery of the histograms of FD and SI of the year 1999 is listed in the Table[t9] 1. It is observed that the modal frequency class has been defragmented into the higher FD values beyond the median range of 1.056 in 2010 and also the fractal diversity increases by 2 new classes in this year. The histograms of FD and SI of the year 2010 are summarized in the Table 2. It is perceived that despite of being the modal class persistent, the frequency in the modal class is defragmented and distributed into higher SI classes beyond the median value of 1.475 and also 4 new SI classes are detected in the progressive period of 2010. Figure 3 Table 1 Figure 4 Table 2 The Simple Aggregative Index of FD and SI are shown (Box 1) which is 101.49% and 117.26% respectively. The Simple Aggregative Index shows there is only 1.49% increase in FDI whereas SI increases by 17.26% in between 1999 and 2010, revealing about 8.63% changing effect of FDI over Shape Index. The Simple Aggregative Index of FDI and SI have confirmed that both the FDI and SI increases in this period and there is a definite changing effect of fractal geometry over the shape of the islands between 1999 to 2010 whereas the magnitude of the changing effect is only 8.63%. The Fisher’s[t10] Ideal Index (Box 1) shows that the SI has increased with respect to FD by 5.19% from 1999 to 2010. It is signifying the there is a positive increase of shape diversity with respect to fractal diversity within the specified time period. Relationship between FD and SI The scatter plots and linear regression of FD and SI for 1999 and 2010 depicts that there is a strong positive relation of FD and SI of the Islands. The magnitude of Pearson’s correlation (r-value) increases with strong positive response in the 2010 is revealing that trend of changing shape diversity of Islands in terms of FD is increasing towards the gradual period. Both the r-values are positive and it is also evident that the relation of Island shapes with their fractal geometry becomes stronger in the progressive period of 2010 as the r-values have changed from 0.44 to 0.73. Figure 5 The causal factor of Shape Dynamics-Sea Level Changes To find the root cause of the shape[t11] dynamics of delta region, two main exogenetic factors have been examined on spatio-temporal basis such as creek density and sea level change. Creeks density is calculated for the year 1999 to 2010 by dividing the length of creek with the area of the island, which shows there is also a trend of gradual increase especially in mangrove forest area on the sea shore margin. It is observed that values of creek density increases towards the sea shore region where the sea water along with wave action is more active rather than dynamic river water in the inland areas which is shown in the Figure 6. Except one region the creek density is higher on the sea margin. The increase creek density may be the reason for formation of several islands in the central coastal zone due to defragmentation. Figure 6 The temporal data of sea level changes of three observation points i.e., Hiron Point, Khepupara and Charchanga (Figure 7) are analyzed to identify the sea level changes within 1979 to 2000, shown in Figure 8. The progressive graph of the data of this temporal period exhibits an average positive gradual trend of sea level rise in this region. Figure 7 Figure 8 To examine the causal source of that diversity and we have definitely found that there remains [t12]a positive sea level anomaly of 2.80 mm in between 1992 to 2012 in the concerned region (Figure 9). The fact again signifies that the sea level rise in the study area which contributes the changes of delta morphology capture in fractal geometry ultimately resulting into dynamism of island shapes over the progressive temporal period[t13]. Figure[t14] 9 Conclusion The objective of the present study is to analyse the shape complexity dynamics of Bangladesh Sunderban delta in between 1999 to 2010. The dynamism of the delta shapes is analysed using in terms of fractal dimension and shape index. The change in fractional geometry of island/delta within the specified time period is captured and the observations are strengthening with the help of other statistical indices. The analysis of FD and SI parameters of islands indicate that there is an exponential relation of Shape complexity with the changing FD within 1999 to 2010. The[t15] shape complexity of the islands of Bangladesh is increasing which is clearly evident from this study. There may be several factors for this complexity. Of these, sea level rise and creek density are important factors because Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to sea level rise (Brammer et al., 1993). But still there is no specific regional scenario for net sea level rise because the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta is still active and having dynamic morphology and delivers approximately 1.6 billion tone sediment at the face of Bangladesh annually (Broadus, 1993), while there are some parts where land is subsiding due to tectonic activities (Huq et al., 1996). So this sediment replenishment is considered to balance subsidence of delta (Agarwala et al., 2003). This sediment deposition along with strong tidal current is the reason for the formation of some new islands in the central coastal zone in last few years. But still it needs more detail scientific study to reveal the dynamic s of this delta complex and a lot of time series data of sea level rise to comment on this. It is also notable that result FD computation is varies over the scales. Hence, the observation and conclusion is valid only on the existing scale over which the experiment is carried out. It is also pointed out that further study may be undertaken to make more reasonable judgment over it. [t1]Need modification [t2]Co-ordinate, geographical extent [t3]No. of islands taken into consideration [t4]Path / row [t5]Model name [t6]What these indices indicates or signify [t7]Why used in this study (indices) [t8]Write something here [t9]Analyse more about table 1 and 2 [t10]Significance [t11]Is there any other cause like thermal expansion . at least mention it [t12]modify [t13]overall comments: write something about physical significance at least one or two paragraph. Things are statistically analysed physical significance and observation is necessary. [t14]Try to give a or two delta figure of two time with FD and SI value ebbraded to show the change in shape and FD relation. [t15]Check the conclution once

Terrorism - Domestic Bigots More Dangerous than Foreign Terrorists :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Domestic Bigots Cause More Damage than Foreign Terrorists    As the federal government preoccupies itself with fighting the war against terror, it must not neglect the terror that Americans can inflict on one another at home. At the same time, we should be circumspect about our rhetoric as we affirm our commitment to the ideals of freedom by debating our government's policies. The recent spate of hate crimes across the country - about 1000 incidents, some of them fatal - calls for two responses. Congress and the president should pass and sign national hate crimes legislation. On the local level, each of us has the obligation to refrain from provocative remarks that embolden and reinforce the bigots' view that we are engaging in a war against a particular culture or religion.    Whatever contributions economic or political injustice may have on the support for terrorist regimes, those organizations ultimately thrive on a zealotry borne of group thought. This is evident in the terrorists' calls for all people of a certain group to take up a jihad against the 'infidels' who cannot claim the same group membership. In contrast, the battle that the United States is now waging is not directed at any group except for the people who commit mass murder under the influence of group identity. Americans are individualists at heart. We eschew the politics of racial division and ethnic pandering. We abhor discrimination, which violates another's individuality by ascribing to him a group identity and subsequently mistreating him. We are especially appalled when the maltreatment escalates into assault, battery and homicide.    Thus, in the 1993 Supreme Court case Wisconsin v. Mitchell, the justices unanimously upheld Wisconsin's hate crimes statute, which imposed additional penalties for perpetrators motivated by animus toward another's race. The Court reasoned that judges and juries routinely consider a perpetrator's motives as aggravating factors. For example, premeditated murder is punished more severely than random killing. Considering the criminal's bias in sentencing is consistent with our juridical principles. However, it is not enough for a handful of states to consider bias as an aggravating factor in sentencing. We need to express the nation's consensus that, as a liberal society, we condemn the illiberal thoughts that inspire hate crimes. Treating people differently on the basis of perceived group identities, which derive in turn from superficialities like physical appearance, is the greatest unfreedom. While an orderly society cannot tolerate crime, a free society simply cannot tolerate crimes borne of ignorance and group thought.

Ap World History Chapter 26 Notes

Chapter 26 Notes: Ottomans and Arabs Ottomans: Factors of Decline * Competition between elite * Weak rulers * Increasingly powerful Janissary corps * Increased competition from European merchants * Military challenges from the West * Ottomans vs. Russia (result: loss of Serbia, Greece, and most of Balkans) Survival * Played European rivals against each other * Selim III: reformed bureaucracy, new army and navy.Killed by janissaries in 1807 * Mahmud II: slaughtered Janissaries, families and religious allies, reforms based on Western influence (angered conservative religious leaders) * Tanzimat Reforms (1939-1876): series of Western influenced reforms in education, government, newspapers, and constitution. Introduction of railroad and telegraph systems (effect: communication increased, minority groups increased power) * Consequences: artisans negatively effected (thank you, Britain), women ‘s status remained stagnant Backlash to Reforms Conflict between old and new orders * Abdul Hamid: attempted to return to despotic governing.. nullified constitution, removed Westerners in power, continued SOME Western policies * Coup 1908: Ottoman Society for Union and Progress (Young Turks) fought for return to 1976 constitution, Sultan remained as figurehead. * War in North Africa: Ottomans lost Libya * Young Turks vs. Arabs * World War I: Turkey sided with Germany†¦. Arab Heartlands Fertile Crescent, Egypt, North AfricaIdentified with Ottoman rulers as Muslims, disliked Ottoman rule * Fear of Western rule Muhammad Ali, Westernizing Europe * Napoleon invades Egypt (1798): example of Western military power, eventually defeated by the British * Western reforms introduced (military, agriculture) little accomplished in the long-term * Khedives: Muhammad’s descendants, ruled Egypt until 1952 Issues and European Help * Cotton: solely dependent on export * Misuse of money by the elite Indebted to European powers * Suez Canal: introduces power struggle b/w European powers and Egypt (France and Britain) * Conservative Muslims resented Western presence * Liberal Muslims borrowed from West * Skirmish between Britain and Khedival army results in British domination (Egypt is NOT colonized) Egypt in Sudan * Sudan exploited, forced to reform slave trade * Jihad called against Egyptian rulers and Britain * Sudan successful in maintaining independence until 1896 * Western technology vs. Eastern technology

Of Children And Innocence Essays - Crime, Criminology, Free Essays

Of Children And Innocence Essays - Crime, Criminology, Free Essays Of Children And Innocence Of Children and Innocence Cause and Effect Essay There are many theories as to why violent juvenile crime is on the rise in the United States. Some theorists state that it is the collapse of the family unit, while others say it is violence in the media or the environment in which a child is raised. Actually, it is a combination of many varied internal and external forces. But first, one must go to the beginning, to the very root of a childs age of self-awareness. Children are born with the capacity to learn. Hate, envy, racism, selfishness; these traits are not instinctive, rather, they are learned. It does not matter where anti-social traits are initially experienced, whether it is found in the home, or school, or even in the nursery, the results are the same. Children that are exposed to violence at an early age could have a propensity towards violent behavior as they mature. Children must be shown that violent behavior is not acceptable, and traits, such as compassion, are acceptable. Too many children today are left alone or unsupervised by guardians and parents. In todays society, it is a common trend for both the mother and father to work. Young children are many times left in the care of schools, friends, neighbors, and relatives. In these cases children behave in ways that imitate real life. Children observe violence on television, at their school, or at home. In a childs eyes, violence is an acceptable behavior because it is observed as being acceptable. It is imperative that young children are guided and taught the differences between right and wrong. In a perfect society, this is all well and good. Unfortunately, perfect societies do not exist. If the core fundamental moral structure of a childs undeveloped personality is firmly established, there is a very good chance that violence will not be a part of that childs adult future. Child psychiatrists have found that a child becomes self aware around six years of age. The first five years of a persons life is sometimes referred to as the age of innocence. Too many children today have never experienced the age of innocence. These children more often become adults with developed undesirable anti-social behaviors. A very high percentage of violent adolescents were found to have had come from a disturbed and sometimes violent homelife. When these same adolescents were asked if they could recall happy moments in early childhood, most could not recall any. Most certainly, the violence seen on television, in films, in newspapers and periodicals only amplified the acceptance of violent behavior. In order for society to find a way to control violent youth, society must start with the newborn generation, and continue working with each successive newborn generation, until instances of violent behavior begin to subside. There is a solution, but the solution would require understanding and participation of all parties involved. This would mean Federal and local governments, schools, churches, day care centers, and ultimately, both parents. The solution could take years, even decades to implement. But it must be done soon if we ever expect to see a change in our youth within our lifetime.

Usefulness of Testing essays

Usefulness of Testing essays There are many benefits that come with testing human beings. First, testing young children allows schools to ensure they are placed in a proper classroom setting based on their age and ability to learn. This is considered mandatory academic testing in order for school officials and parents to assess the ability of children who are just beginning school. Second, people of any age have the freedom to take tests that will allow them the opportunity to reveal certain strengths of their personality as well as personal and professional preferences. These are optional tests that, answered honestly, allow people to find out a lot about their inner selves. Third, people can appropriately be qualified or disqualified from certain organizations through specific testing. These types of tests allow people to pursue a higher level of education, a lifestyle change, or a specialized career. Clearly there are many types of tests, which have proven to be beneficial to the majority of the populat ion. Testing can allow elementary schools to properly place young children into appropriate classes. In these classes, children can interact and learn with other students of their same age and learning ability. Obviously it wouldnt be fair to have an average or above average student in a class for children whose ability to learn is below average. Just as it would not be fair to put a mentally retarded student in a class with extremely bright children. Furthermore, it wouldnt be appropriate to place a 16-year-old into a class full of 10-year-olds. The speed, at which these types of children learn is very different from each other. In addition, the amount of information that these types of children can soak up and interpret is also extremely varied. Keeping children within an appropriate class that meets their needs can alleviate boredom, fear, anxiety, and the possibility of being made fun of for being dif ...

Discussion 8 international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 8 international relations - Essay Example Its policy makings and economic integration have been evolving major developments through Single European Act, Masstricht Treaty, 1995 Enlargement and 2004 Enlargement. Though there have been greater achievements to prosper economic development of the European region, EU faces a number of obstacles in relation to bringing economic integration and Economic and monetary integration is not mutually reinforcing and it is more likely to be best only among homogenous set of economies, but, EU comprises of many countries with very different size and strength as economy is concerned. When EU adds new members of poor and les-industrialized nations, the Union essentially requires extra provisions and complex negotiations among those countries. Therefore, integration and member-widening process seem to be greater challenges especially due to that this is between nations of very different in economic size and power. As Warleigh (2004) pointed out that the complexity in integration of the economy of its member countries reflects and partly causes Union’s close acquaintance with controversy in recent years. Crude power politics and member nations intransigence causes EU decisions to become demonstrably unfair (p. 75).

Maintaining safe classrooms and schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maintaining safe classrooms and schools - Essay Example They further declared that the best way to deal with the issue is to look at the broader spectrum of the matter and involved the whole community namely: faith-based groups, law enforcers, businesses, parents, students and school personnel in finding solutions (Pollack & Sundermann 2001). According to safe school coalition, bullying is an act of aggression, in form of physical attack, verbal and psychological behavior that is repeatedly and constantly done with the intent of harming an individual. It can be described as power display (Hafner 2003). In the year 2003 the state of California has made progress in addressing school bullying and violence by drafting a Bill called â€Å"Bullying Prevention for School Safety and Crime Reduction Act of 2003†. It has passed the Assembly and the Senate and finally was approved by the Governor in October of that same year (http://www.bullypolice.org/ca_law.html). It is defined in Article: 3 School Safety Cadre. Here is the summary of the article: It will be established within the whole state, a cadre that would ensure collaboration of all agencies to combat and end school bullying. Its aim is to improve school attendance and to promote good citizenry. It will employ 100 professionals from the education bureau, community-based groups, and law enforcement group. This joint venture will be responsible for training staff, equipping representatives to make them qualified to initiate school safety programs in all districts, youth agencies, county education offices and law enforcement in each region (http://www.bullypolice.org/ca_law.html). Maintaining school safety is responsibility of the whole community. Policies are clearly outlined to be followed and implemented at schools and community. Contrary to the notion that our children are no longer safe in schools, according to U.S. Department of Education and U.S.

What a women looks like Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What a women looks like - Assignment Example The main essence lies in the exploring of how the country persistently follows the formula of tracing and evaluating an individuals’ characters according to their looks and attires. â€Å"In a highly mobile society, where first impressions are important and where selling oneself is the most highly cultivated â€Å"skill,† the construction of appearances becomes more and more imperative.† (Ewen, 1988: 85). Throughout the past and in the present as well, America’s view for women and men based on their appearance and dress remains unchanged. This can be best established through Douglas Bradley Smith’s question in his Quarterly Journal of Speech which asks: (1977: 215) Why has no communication scholar bothered to decode the specific meanings of the American wardrobe? While total absorption in such details might reduce us to public relations consultants, to ignore such details is to deny the global nature of human interaction. Clothing persuades. According to Susan S. Gilpin, an Assistant Professor at Marshall University, the matter has still not been explored in a deeper level by communication scholars (Gilpin, 2009). Her remark, â€Å"The workplace inequalities legitimated by contemporary dress for success rhetoric still requires scholarly investigation and critique†, (Gilpin, 2009) lucidly confirms the America still judges individuals as per their looks and attire. Despite the prevailing trend of judging men and women on the basis of their appearance and dress, a different school of thoughts still claims that America’s views in this regard has changed considerably. According to these opinions the country now perceives an individual by his or her potentials and qualities rather than the artificial facades. The best examples for them are Michale Jackson, who has rocked the world despite being not white and Barrack Obama, a black president

Feminist Therapy and Post-modern Approaches Essay Example for Free

Feminist Therapy and Post-modern Approaches Essay Feminist therapy (FT) arose in the 1960s as a result of women’s increasing awareness that discrimination resides in the way traditional psychology views female mental health. It was an attempt to enhance women’s autonomy and it was based on the integration of psychology and feminist theory. According to this theory, women form their identity through a perspective of constantly providing care for others at the expense of their own free will and initiative. This view represents the traditional gender role, which is not biologically determined but rather socially derived. FT emphasizes the principle of equality in all aspects’ of human experience. Its major tenet is that psychological difficulties arise from political and social causes, namely discriminative attitudes not only towards females but also towards ethnic, cultural, religious and sexual minorities (Landrine, 1995 Worell, 1997). FT attempts to provide care through a novel perspective which respects the patient’s wishes and needs instead of rigidly meeting societal expectations according to existing racial and sexist stereotypes. The client holds a central place in the treatment setting, and is encouraged to take initiative and guide the therapeutic process. The therapist is not viewed as an authority but as an equal partner, whose task is to educate and empower the patient. Therapists aim at demystifying the process of therapy in order to enhance clients’ sense of power and self-efficacy. In addition, they are particularly careful at avoiding power display in the therapy setting and may frequently use self-disclosure to restore equality and reciprocity in the therapeutic relationship (Worell, 1997). FT supports the idea that the client knows better than anyone what is best for him/her. Its main aim is to increase people’s awareness of internalized stereotypes and replace them with more realistic beliefs, to elaborate on issues of control and power and how they affect human experience and to enhance independent decision-making. Apart from gaining self-awareness and free choice, clients are also encouraged to actively participate in political and social groups, given that personal experiences are considered deeply political and personal evolution can arise only through social change (Landrine, 1995 Worell, 1997). The vast majority of feminist therapists and clients are women. However, it is a theory that hopes to address issues concerning both genders, ignoring any societal and cultural bias. The principles of FT are fruitfully applied in the field of physical and sexual abuse, eating disorders, body image distortions and issues of somatic health and reproduction. Commonly used techniques include gender-role analysis and intervention, power analysis and intervention, bibliotherapy, assertiveness training and self-disclosure (Landrine 1995, Worell, 1997). FT has provided new insights on managing mental health issues through a social and cultural perspective. It has fought prejudice in the practice of psychology, by adopting an egalitarian approach, regardless of gender, race, religious affiliation or sexual orientation and it has focused on the clients’ individual needs, strengths and wishes. The therapeutic context enhances collaboration and reciprocity and individuals are encouraged to become active members of their society in order to produce change. However, when placing too much value on cultural and social causes of mental disorders, there is the risk of ignoring the significance of personal factors and intrapsychic phenomena. When all psychological difficulties are considered to stem from the abuse of power and the effect of social prejudice and discrimination, then the individual fails to assume responsibility for his/her experience. In this way, true personal evolution may be sacrificed for the sake of social activism. In addition, the collaborative nature of the therapeutic process and the misuse of self-disclosure by feminist therapists may abolish professional and ethical boundaries and further damage the clients’ fragile psyche. Finally, this approach may prove extremely frustrating for people and cultures that place great emphasis on traditional societal roles. Post-modern Approaches Post-modern Approaches (PMA) evolved through the influence of post-modernism on the theory and practice of psychotherapy. Traditionally, philosophy and science have been dedicated to the conquest of the absolute truth. Post-modernism suggests that there is no such thing as objectivity and reality is constructed through language. In this view, mental illness is considered a social construct, originating from the dominating societal tendency to dichotomize and label all aspects of human experience (Boston, 2000). PMA, which include Solution-Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Social Constructionism, are client-centered. The therapist’s role is not to provide authority-driven solutions but to help the client develop a new communication and new interpretation of his/her experience. Contrary to traditional psychotherapeutic views, they do not focus on symptoms and their historical context but on the present and on clients’ strengths and wishes. Post-modern theories place great value on language as a way of creating reality and consequently as a tool to produce change (Boston, 2000 Walker, 2006). For example, in Solution-Focused Therapy, clients are encouraged to discuss goals for change and means by which this change can be achieved (Gingerich, 2000 Lethem, 2002). Likewise, in Narrative Therapy the explicit description of the presenting problem allows the client to see his/her difficulties as a matter of personal and societal interpretation, distinct from his self-identity, thus contributing to the formulation of a less dysfunctional narrative (Boston, 2000). Post-modern Therapy is based on the individual’s existing strengths and resources. It frequently uses the technique of exceptions by urging clients to contemplate on paradigms where their difficulties were not so prominent. In this way, it empowers clients and provides them with a glance to future change. Another common technique is coping questioning which reveals effective coping strategies already used by the client, when faced with his/her current problems. Problem-free discussion is also used to address non-problematic domains of the client’s experience and enhance his/her sense of self-efficacy and confidence (Gingerich, 2000 Lethem, 2002). PMA have been successfully used in eating disorders, substance abuse and relationships problems. Psychiatric patients, couples, youth and criminal offenders have benefit from their application. Their techniques, which focus on the person and not the diagnostic label, may enhance the therapeutic alliance and the development of empathy, both associated with better therapy outcomes (Lethem, 2002). Social Constructionism which suggests that mental illness is a social construct, a product of medical terminology, has contributed to fighting discrimination and stigma. However, it entails the risk of devaluating all achievements in the field of psychiatric research. In addition, the abolishment of the therapist’s authority may for some individuals produce a sense of insecurity and confusion. Finally, another major disadvantage is that the efficacy of Post-modern Therapy is hard to be scientifically evaluated. Both FT and PMA have challenged traditional views including the classical Christian axioms (Arlandson, 2010). Nevertheless, their emphasis on equality, empowerment hope and motivation for change, seems to be in agreement with the spirit of the Bible’s teachings. To my opinion, counsellors should take into consideration their clients’ needs, strengths and aspirations as both FT and PMA dictate. To be effective, the counselling process must focus on the present and the future instead of trying to unravel mysteries of the distal past. Although most clients come to therapy with certain difficulties, a significant therapeutic force regardless of the counsellor’s theoretical background is the development of an empathetic alliance which can provide a sense of self-efficacy to the client and hope for the future. References Landrine, H. (1995). Bringing cultural diversity to feminist psychology: Theory, research, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Worell, J. , Johnson, N. G. (Eds. ). (1997). Shaping the future of feminist psychology: Education, research, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Boston, P. (2000). Systemic family therapy and the influence of post-modernism. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 6, 450-457. Walker, M. T. (2006). The Social Construction of Mental Illness and its Implications for the Recovery Model. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 10 (1), 71-87 Lethem, J (2002). Brief Solution Focused Therapy. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7(4), 189-192. Gingerich, W. J. Eisengart, S, (2000). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Review of the Outcome Research. Family Process, 39(4), 477-498. Arlandson, J. (2010). Postmodernism and the Bible: Introduction. The American Thinker, 2010.

Mcdonalds rewards

Mcdonalds rewards The Reward System I have read the reward system of McDonald and personally we are very impressed and committed with this so that’s why we are gating that idea from McDonald reward system. A Global food services retailer knows as McDonalds is the leading global foodservice retailer. Details about its operations: Founder : Ray Kroc Number of Restaurants : 31,000 Approx Number of People Serve : 58 Million Approx (118 countries) 75% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women. Some famous dishes of McDonalds World Famous Fries, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, Chicken McNuggets and Egg McDuffie. The well-built foundation that he built continues today with McDonalds idea and the commitment of our talented managers to keep the shine on McDonalds Arches for years to come. http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company.html Reward system of McDonald For McDonalds Corporation U.S. employees at corporate, division and region offices, our many benefits are organized into four categories: Security and Health Security, health and insurance remuneration Medical Vision supplement plan Dental stretchy spending accounts Short and long term disability Employee and dependent life insurance Accidental death dismemberment (ADD) Travel and business travel accident insurance Salaries and Rewards Remuneration, compensation, reward and recognition programs Basic pay motivation pay Company car program Recognition programs Future incentives Reserves, investment and financial management programs Profit Sharing and Savings Plan MCDirect Shares Mc$ave Credit union Financial planning services Others benefits Job/life remuneration leave Holidays Anniversary splatter Sabbatical program Summer Hours Leave of absence substitute Work Approach taking up assistance Kids concession Educational support identical gifts program worker Resource relationship Auto and home insurance group concession program International Fitness Club Network afar Work Internet discount program http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/careers/employee_benefits.html Now we can discuse in detail the reward system The Reward System Statement and knowledge are significant components of the change procedure. However even if the change message is well communicated and well conservative, and people are given the chance to study so they can act if you see in the quite new atmospheric no one can go to alter their performance. If they see theyre not leaving to revolutionize. What do you thing the reward system is important? If the company fail to give the reward to employees you can see that effect will go to company profit because of this company will go downward. So the reward system will be play main role in it. If you give the benefits to your employee you see every employ will try to improve work for the organization. People only work for the rewards. Reward system is very attractive thing for employees of the organization, reward system increase and enhance their working capacity and commitment. For some people the reward may be mostly monetary. Similar like this any company or any Originations rewarding system always brought positive crash. Rewards Rewards are grand arent they? But keep in mind, so when the reward goes to employ the employ will use that benefits of the organization and with the help of this they also maintain the life and enjoy every moment of life. Now you want them to work in a different way. and to behave differently And dont remember, they are thoughts if Ive got to labor to get unique skills, whats in it for me? Hows it going away to work if Im doing an enormous job, but the other team members arent why should I lose out because the others arent performing? And how am I going to move ahead if there are smaller number levels in the association? What sort of prize determination I get? Is it worth the attempt to change? So previous to plummeting ahead with a alter project, you need to reply a few question concerning the current and prospect reward system. Primary, regarding What are the current rewards? What is at present rewarded? How do you provide the reward? And then about the future organization What do you want satisfied? What are the rewards leaving to be? Whats the score system going to be? Whos going to be doing the scoring? How will rewards be given? Who is leaving to be satisfied? Who will do the rewarding? CEOs, heads, directors, managers, supervisors, and simultaneous Engineering team members all need to be informed of the answer to his question upfront. And make it unadorned frank to the people who do the rewarding that if they dont give a reward that is due, they will be in deep problem because it will give the feeling that youre not grave about change. And once people start thinking that youre not serious concerning change, and start to hesitation your honesty, and then no one is leaving to alter their activities. The not on time moderator Tuttle said, the expert mans only asset is himself. If he does not contain the quality of honesty he is valueless. If he does he is invaluable. Good alter managers must have the excellence of integrity, and are invaluable. http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/careers/employee_benefits.html Do YOU AGREE WITH PROFERMCE LINKED AWARD SYSTEM? I would like to share copied the meaning of Reward system along with that what is reward? Why we should be decided with satisfying scheme within our association. Plunder are great arent they? But keep in mind, after the hard work when the company give the attractive pay and other things for this hard work with the help of this the company goes up for these benefit in the shape of reward employee enjoy the life and that enjoyment makes his mind to more hard work for the company and for more to get the reward and make the life good and the employee desire them to work in a different way and good treat. Then you want prize them in a different way. Primary,ok and that benefit into the shape of reward change the employee’ you can get the prospect. Youll want to reward them for changing getting the right skill and behave the right way. Youll want to prize them for going a bit additional than average and doing things really right. Performance management includes processes that effectively communicate company aligned goals, evaluate employee performance and reward them fairly. Your Pay and Rewards (ref from McDonald’s reward system) Attractive program follows a pay for appearance beliefs: The better your results, the greater your pay opportunities. Base Pay Since employees bottom pay is the most important portion of their recompense, McDonalds maintain the competitiveness of our base pay through an annual review of both external market data and interior peer data. In our business, division and region offices, McDonalds has a broad banding compensation system. Broad banding allows for suppleness in terms of pay, movement and growth. Incentive Pay Inducement pay gives our workers with the possibility to earn spirited total compensation when performance meets and exceed goals. For our corporate, parting and region office, the Target Incentive Plan (TIP) links employee presentation with the presentation of the business they hold up. TIP pays a gratuity on top of employees base salaries base on business presentation and their person appearance. Long Term Incentives Long term incentives are granted to entitled workers to both prize and retain key employees who have shown continued presentation and can crash long-term value creation at McDonalds. for the befits of employees the long term incentives are very helpful because when the organization has a policies of incentives or long term incentives then the employees of the organization feel secured and work hardly for the organization. Similar like this any company or any Originations rewarding system always brought positive crash. Recognition Programs Our recognition programs are intended to reward and recognize physically powerful performers. For our corporate, separation and region offices, these take in the president Award (given to the top 1% of individual performers worldwide) and the Circle of fineness Award (given to top teams worldwide to be familiar with their aid for advancing our vision). Once start to hesitation your honesty, and then no one is leaving to alter their activities Appraisal system is also very helpful and makes a positive competition and encouragement in between the employees of the organization. Promotions will be appraisal based which encourage employees for hard work. Company Car Program Our company car program provides entitled employees with a company car for both business and individual / personal use. If entitled, employees can decide from. This is also very encouraging and motivating incentive for employees. It creates competition between employees and they work hard to get this incentive. I had explained earlier above in easy words which are also explaining the definition of rewarding system within Organization. I am really agreed by satisfying system in any system which is very much helpful for the worker of company or Organization’s person who is been rewired in past work more harder for future to get better achievement in his life’s would like add one simple example of satisfying system why we should be agreed because if we deliberate hard then institution of higher education Reward us with Degree which greet the internal feelings of any person. Similar like this any company or any Originations rewarding system always brought positive crash. Rewarding system is basically encouragement for employees and appreciation for their hard work. Rewarding system is very beneficial for the organization too. Rewarding system always longed-for either it is for client reward to make them content for keep coming back to you or reward for urn worker for the best services. Rewards for clients or employees is very attractive and worth full. Organization will get many benefits from awarding system. The primary emphasis: In the approach discussed above is on as long as monetary plunder to be familiar with teams and cooperation. A recent study shows the feasibility of using non-financial rewards for this purpose. The study (Shaw Schneider, 1995) focussed on recital and reward management practices in large organizations using full-time teams of excused employees. Its results point to that only one-fourth of the organization surveyed used financial rewards to be familiar with teams; the rest used a wide variety of non-financial rewards including public recognition of high performing teams. Many organizations reward employees who are effectual team contributor through highly valued job and team assignments. Teamwork itself can provide intrinsic rewards through swelling and enrichment of work. Being a member of a well-known, highly prestigious team may be perceived as an even more intrinsically pleasing reward. Much organization gives targets to their employees. When they achieve their target, organizati ons reward them. Devising reward systems: A figure of design issue should be kept in mind while devise prize systems to be familiar with team success and human being team members aid to this achievement. To begin with, it is very important to set team objectives which spell out evidently what is usual from the team. These objectives can then be used to decide team level prize. Sometimes, teams are encouraged to compete against each other for a team level prize. This practice can hamper cooperation, information-sharing, and coordination across teams. Inter-dependencies among teams should be considered before implementing such competitive rewards. The next main issue relates to the distribution of team level reward among individual team members. Reward could be dispersed equally or differentially. Equal distribution can endorse cooperation among team members. But, it can also. DESIGNING A REWARD PROGRAM The keys to just beginning a reward show is as follows: Credit of corporation or group goal that the reward program will support Identification of the desired employee performance or behaviours that will strengthen the companys goals strength of mind of key measurements of the performance or behaviour, base on the person or groups preceding achievement Determination of suitable rewards Communication of program to employees. This system is depends on Employees performance and behaviour, if there performance and behaviour is positive then they will get more benefits from the organization. On the other hand, if they their performance and behaviour is not good then there is not reward for them, this will be encourage them for hard work and positive and good behaviour. DIFFERENTIATING REWARDS FROM MERIT PAY AND THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL In scheming a reward program, a little business landlord needs to divide the salary or value pay system from the reward system. monetary rewards, especially those given on a regular basis such as bonuses, gain sharing, etc., should be tied to an employees or a groups activities and should be careful pay at risk in order to coldness them from salary. By doing consequently, a manager can avoid a sense of entitlement on the part of the employee and ensure that the reward] highlight fineness or achievement rather than basic competency. Performance appraisal is based on the performance and behaviour of the employees, this is very beneficial for the company to make a good competition between the employees, if company give those benefits on the basis of their performance and behaviour / attitude and hard work, and this will encourage and attract the other one who is not performing well. Conclusions It is very much clear that current prize systems require changes to fit with the rising organizational realities. Skill-based pay, broadband pay structures, variable pay, and team rewards are among the new approaches that have been suggested in the creative writing. When we will give those Prizes, rewards, pays according to their skills and behaviour and performance then they will feel secured and this will increase their working skill. The discussion in this paper indicates that logic underlying this approach appears to be sound, but many key design issues confront them. I-O psychologists and other behavioural scientists can play a significant role in addressing this issue. Question: How will you define a Career? Describe the Strategies adopted for career development in Organization. Definition: The initiative for your future has long been searched in the social sciences. It has been described as being in connection with individuality and as long as a residual trace of the individual’s relationship with work. A constructionist approach to research enables a focus on the language of career-talk as an opaque incidence. The analysis of 54 interviews with university alumnae working by one large, UK based, high street seller provides an illustration of how common sense understandings nearby career work as a backdrop to individual financial records. Career as a strategic plan is denied, yet negotiate as a legitimate, even attractive, behavior of the employing association. Although the focal point of analysis is on the tools and does of communication, situated at a micro level, this analysis illustrates how specific constructive practices make worldwide notions of career relevant and up for re-negotiation in interaction Palming for making the good future: How are major UK utilizing institutions commerce with career growth in situation which we are told threaten the very idea of a future career? Carer building is one the important aspect of human resource management and it plays an important role in motivation of employees. Pressures building change in the concept of good career as imbursement together safety and series have come from hard works shortage and continually changes in company. They have brought attractive and beautiful successful ways leave the work protection, very less job atmosphere, no one can made the career. These things which are different on the earth one more thing raises for the success of these jobs. Growth we mean all those performance increasing the human mind and then he use the batter in the work as well as teaching and guidance. Changing tasks The case study organisations plays their role in this in this investigates have surely been under strong stress to review their facts about career growth. Most of them have abridged the promise of the organisation to managing the career progress of the labour force from director of manager. It was explained that in job shift batter meant of future (career) employer managed it. (Board of director who had the power and daily basis employer for the well result specially arranging the employee (by the employee)( personal development plans). Modified to over come organisational and individual need. Segmented strategies What is visibly incidence is that beneath the universal rhetoric of career growth (most often about helped self-development), real strategic place differ from each other Workforce to another: Older managers and experienced workers are receipt rehabilitated attention and are still usual for career with the farm either if it is not career of life. Successful plan work stay for long-time, and the build-up the group is also planned. For the career improvement: The maximum hard workers here the original company problem. if the every one try to encourage and push up the others so the that thing will be improve the level of activity in the organization and for this everyone will be honest with the job and the organization will be improve day by day Knowledge of the organisations in this investigate research plan based on gap point of three Keyes .each of which needs to be stopped up before oratory and realism align. A complete honest message The primary hole is flanked by the wants of the business and the fixed message from the top concerning careers and advance. This gap occurs either because the career expansion point is no good, it is badly and not fair linked or because it is poorly or dishonestly communicated. Specific the original career development place may be segmented, belied by a worldwide message. Workable career development processes. The moment hole is involving the career improvement clue accepted and the processes or interventions which HR people put in place. At in attendance these processes do not seem to bring into line with the message, they do not fit jointly, and they are not well unspoken. Real intention to deliver The third break is stuck between the official messages — of rule and/or processes — and the realism of employment and development practices. This hole clearly occurs if the message is lying. It also occurs if workers see that systems are not important for used, actually that previous plan are not suitable for promise and causes. It is just because of this gap that recourses for labour force to observe career growth scheme as mere rhetoric. What workers and their managers need at current is a much clearer sight of: The assumptions the company is creation about their prospect service and its intention to support their progress Practical processes for deploy people and delivering enlargement which are consistent with these intention The reserve and promise for taking these types of program used If we see in past we can get that simple ways in which the company could use the out test for the planed strategies and special and important clues for the good results. Ref: www.aboutmcdonalds.com.